Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing YOU WILL NEED TO KNOW ALL THREE IN ORDER TO BEST ORGANIZE YOUR INFORMATION AND YOUR RESEARCH WRITING

What is the difference?  Quoting  Using the exact words of the author from the passage  Quotation marks are around the words you took from the passage  Citations are needed at the end of the quote  Paraphrasing  Restating the idea in your own words and sentence structure but keeping the meaning the same  It can be shorter or longer than the original.  Citations are needed at the end of the paraphrase  Summarizing  Restating only the main points of the passage in your own words  It is very brief compared to the original  Citations are needed at the end of the summary

Citations?  What do you mean by “citations are needed?”  In-Text Citations (also known as parenthetical citations)  You must give credit to the author for their original wording.  You must give credit to the author for their original ideas.  In other words, it is better to cite than to not.

In-Text Citations  Do not need to happen every sentence.  Do not wait until the end of the paragraph.  Look like…  “Here is a direct quotation” (Last).  “Here is a direct quotation” (“Article”).  Here is a paraphrase or a summary (“Article” 297).  Here is a paraphrase or a summary (Last 428).

Direct Quotations  This is copying the material exactly as it appears in the text.  You must put quotation marks around the copied writing.  You must use an in-text citation after the quotation  Example  “This sentence is taken directly from the book” (author’s last name ##).  “This sentence is taken directly from the website” (“Article Title”).

Direct Quotation Practice  Create a direct quotation using the following text.  In a recent survey of Garretson sophomores, 85% of students state that English is their favorite class.  SOURCE: Buchholz, Kelsey. “How to Make Your Class the Best”. Teaching Today. 15 Jan Web. 21 Jan  Does it look like this?  “In a recent survey of Garretson sophomores, 85% of students state that English is their favorite class” (Buchholz).  Now write a direct quotation using one of your sources.

Paraphrase  This is used to keep the same meaning but put the ideas into your own words and sentence structure.  This can be shorter or longer than the original.  Since this is not your original idea, you need to use an in-text citation.  Example  This has the main ideas of the selection but is put into my own words (author’s last name ##).  I changed the wording and the sentence structure but kept the meaning the same (“Article Title” ##).

Paraphrase  Paraphrase the following examples.  Use the following as your source for the information.  “Random Facts for Fun” Fun Practices for Students. 13 Aug Web. 21 Jan  The adolescent maneuvered the bi-wheeled vehicle undamaged.  In the metropolis the recreational area was dilapidated.  The educator removed the unruly student from the environment.  Now paraphrase some information from one of your sources.  Remember to cite.

Summarize  This is briefly stating the main ideas of the selection.  You will want to use this when applying information from longer texts such as paragraphs, pages, or even chapters.  Since this is not your original idea, it still needs to have an in-text citation.  Example  This is a summary of what this section was about (author’s last name ##).  Your summaries should be short and to the point, using a few sentences at most (“Article Title” ##).