1. The Atlantic World First Encounters

2.  Christopher Columbus (1451) - Genoa, Italy - Interests: mapmaker, trade - navigator training in Portugal *most of his life was spent at sea

3.  January 1492 -King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain fund and authorize the exploration of a westward sea route to the “Indies.”

4.  Reasons for the Voyage 1. Enrich family; gain honor, fortune, fame; spread Christianity 2. Find additional trade routes (bypass Muslims who controlled overland trade routes connecting Europe and Asia) 3. Spain’s rivalry with Portugal (finding a western route to Asia)

5.  Destination: Asia (August 3, 1492) - Seaport of Palos (Spanish kingdom of Castile) - Three ships: Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria *Awaiting them were dangers such as ocean storms, starvation, disease, etc.

6.  Columbus sets sail… - First heads south, then west (avoiding Atlantic storms) - Underestimates size of planet *(China located where city of San Diego, California is today/Japan located in Virgin Islands) *did not bring enough food for voyage  October 12, 1492 -Land is spotted (island of San Salvador in Bahamas)

7.  Heading home (January 16, 1493) - Granted governorship of the present-day island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean  Later Voyages - Columbus led a total of four trips to the Americas

8.  The Columbian Exchange * transatlantic trade -From the Americas 1. 2. 3. -From Europe, Africa, and Asia 1. 2. 3. *Columbian exchange also brought disease to Native Americans

9.  Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) - signed by Portugal and Spain - the two countries divided all lands on Earth not already claimed by other Christians  Line of Demarcation - Spain ruled lands west of line, including most of the Americas - Portugal controlled the rest, including Brazil and sea route around Africa

10.  Plantations - large farming operations that produced crops for sale (called cash crops) - established to supply the American foods Europeans demanded - Native Americans – and later – West Africans were enslaved to work

11.  Explorers and settlers from other European nations soon followed the Spanish  American culture today reflects the impact of centuries of exchange among many people