1. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master subtitle style CLICKER QUESTIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology Chapter 55 Questions prepared by Eric Ribbens Western Illinois University John Zarnetske Hoosick Falls Central Schools

2. How do the Taylor Glacier bacteria in Antarctica produce their energy? a) photosynthesis b)heterotrophism c)chemoautotrophism d) thermophobism e) chemosynthesis

3. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy must always increase with every energy transaction. This directly implies that a)ecosystems cannot accumulate high-value sources of energy. b)energy cannot be converted into matter. c)complex ecosystems cannot evolve from simple ecosystems. d)in any energy transaction, some of the energy is lost, typically as heat. e)entropy controls ecological succession.

4. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Unlike energy, matter cycles. This means that a)an ecosystem cannot lose chemicals from it. b)ecosystems can acquire chemicals that are used up from other ecosystems. c)when models are built for ecosystems, all of the materials should be able to be accounted for. d)matter is being continually converted into heat and back into matter. e)chemicals contain energy but energy doesn’t contain chemicals.

5. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Gross primary productivity is higher than net primary productivity. The difference between the two is a)the amount of energy producers burn when they metabolize. b)typically the ratio between the biomass of producers and the biomass of consumers. c)an important measure of ecosystem productivity. d)energy that is lost into outer space due to metabolic inefficiencies. e)energy that is stored in plant tissues.

6. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why are big, predatory animals rare? Most big, predatory animals are tertiary consumers, which implies that a)typically, they are highly territorial. b)it’s hard for an ecosystem to support many of them because so much energy is lost at each level of energy exchange. c)by overexploitation, humans have caused many predatory species to become endangered d)it takes a long time for big, predatory animals to evolve. e)it’s hard for a big animal to move through dense vegetation.

7. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Look at the diagram, which shows a general model of nutrient cycling. There are major differences between kingdoms of organisms; for example, plants tend to do most assimilation and photosynthesis. However, all living things contribute to one of the arrows on this diagram. Which arrow shows an activity or activities that is/are performed by every living thing? a)weathering b)respiration, decomposition, and excretion c)photosynthesis d)fossilization e)combustion

8. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Eighty percent of our atmosphere is nitrogen gas, yet every year farmers spray ammonia manufactured from natural gas on their fields as a fertilizer. This is because the only way to convert nitrogen from a gas into an available form is by a)decomposers. b)nitrifying bacteria. c)denitrifying bacteria. d)nitrogen-fixing bacteria. e)legumes.

9. What is the most important role of photosynthetic organisms in an ecosystem? a)converting inorganic compounds into organic compounds b)absorbing solar radiation c)producing organic detritus for decomposers d)dissipating heat e)recycling energy from other trophic levels © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

10. Which of the following would you feed, if you wanted to covert excess grain into the greatest amount of biomass? a)chickens b) mice c)cattle d)carp (a type of detritus-feeding fish) e)mealworms (larval insects) © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

11. Which of the following best defines the goal of restoration ecology? a)Replace a damaged ecosystem with a more suitable ecosystem for that area and time. b)Speed up the restoration of a degraded ecosystem. Completely restore a disturbed ecosystem back to its former undisturbed state. c)Prevent further degradation by protecting the area in question with park status. d)Manage competition between species in human- altered ecosystems. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.