1. The Skeletal System

2. The Skeletal System
The skeletal system protects and supports the body.
Skeleton = Greek word meaning “a dried body”
Functions:
Provides shape
Provides support and protection
Allows movement
Stores minerals
Produces blood.

3. Bones
Bones are living tissues that can grow and repair themselves, Connective tissue.
Connective tissue provides support for your body and connects all its parts.
Types of Connective Tissue:
Bone – provides support and shape.
Blood – delivers food and oxygen to the cells and carries away wastes.
Fat – keeps the body warm, cushions structures and stores energy.

4. Formation of Bone At birth humans have more than 300 bones.
As humans grow and develop, bones grow longer and fuse together.
By age 18 bones are completely ossified (hardened) and stop growing longer.
An average adult has 206 bones.

5. Cranium
Mandible
Clavicle
Scapula
Sternum
Humerus
Ribs
Vertebral Column
Pelvic Girdle
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

6. Bone Composition
Bones are composed of three layer of connective tissue:
Periosteum – outermost layer
contains blood vessels that bring nutrients and oxygen to the bone.
Compact bone – dense layer of bone
consists of blood vessels, nerve cells, and living bone cells.
Spongy bone – located in the ends and middle of long bones.
Porous and lightweight but strong and supportive.
Contains bone marrow.

7. Bone Composition

8. Other Components of Bone
Red
Blood Cells
White
Blood Cells
Bone Marrow
Located inside the spongy bone.
2 Types:
Red Marrow – produces red and white blood cells.
Produces 500 billion red blood cells per day!
Yellow Marrow – fat cells that store energy.
Fat
Fat

9. Other Components of Bone
Cartilage
Located between two adjoining bones.
Cushions bones from sudden jolts
Provides a slippery surface to reduce friction.
Cartilage between Femur and Tibia
Cartilage
Cartilage

10. Bone Classification 4 classifications of bone: Long Bones Short Bones
Radius/
Ulna
Tibia/
Fibula
Fingers & Toes
Femur
Humerus
Long Bones
Short Bones

11. Bone Classification Irregular Flat Bones Bones Vertebral Column
Pelvic Girdle & Cranium
Irregular
Bones
Flat Bones

12. Male vs. Female Pelvic Girdles

13. Joints A place where two or more bones meet – Joint 5 types:
Immovable Joints – NO movement
Cranium
Ball-and- Socket = widest range of movement
Shoulder and hip
Gliding – some movement in all directions
Wrist and ankles
Hinge – only back and forth
Elbow and knee
Pivot – one bone rotates around another
Forearm, neck

14. Joint Types Immovable Pivot Ball and Socket Hinge Gliding Knee - Hinge
Hip - Ball and Socket

15. Tendons & Ligaments