1. Pump-Up Think about the inventions that America has in the late 1800s. What inventions do you think will be created next? What changes do you think this will have on society?

2. Invention, Immigration, and Urbanization

3. Today’s Vocabulary Melting Pot –Different nationalities blending together to create a single culture. Gospel of Wealth –Belief that wealthy Americans should use their fortunes to help others. Social Darwinism –Belief that those people and businesses that were the “fittest” would survive.

4. Advances in Transportation Electric Trolleys Subways Automobiles Airplanes Elevator

5. Communication Revolution Telephone –Alexander Bell Graham Typewriter –Hired women to work as secretaries.

6. Thomas Edison Menlo Park, New Jersey –Research lab –“Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration.” –Developed more than 1,000 patents. Phonograph Light Bulb Motion Picture

7. Old vs New Immigrants Old Immigrants Arrived before 1880 –10 million Came from Northern & Western Europe Were mainly Protestant Were culturally similar to the original American settlers Settled both in cities and in rural areas New Immigrants Arrived 1880-1910 –18 million Came from Southern & Eastern Europe Were mainly Catholics, Jews, or Orthodox Christians Were often culturally different from the original American settlers Generally settled in cities

8. Ellis Island Harsh traveling conditions. Had to pass an inspection that could last up to 5 hours: –$30 –Health examinations –Identification papers –Indicate whether they had ever been in a prison or mental institution.

9. Angel Island San Francisco Bay. Chinese immigrants could be detained for months. Faced prison-like conditions.

10. Immigrants Melting Pot. Settled in crowded cities around others from their homeland. Could find only low- paying jobs. Nativists saw immigrants as a threat to the economy.

11. Chinese Exclusion Act Banned Chinese immigration for 10 years. No Chinese could become a citizen.

12. Gentlemen’s Agreement Japan agreed to prevent unskilled workers from immigrating to the U.S. In exchange, San Francisco stopped the practice of segregating Japanese schoolchildren.

14. Cities Change Skyscrapers allowed cities to build up instead of out. Frederick Law Olmsted –Built parks

15. The Wealthy Made a point of displaying their wealth. –Amusement parks –Spectator sports Women –Read instructive literature that outlined proper behaviors.

16. The Middle Class Need for educated workers. –Doctors –Lawyers Women hired as secretaries, and typists. –Had time to participate in reform movements.

17. The Working Class As more people moved to the cities in search of work, the growing population kept wages low. Dumbbell tenements –Within walking distance of work. –No indoor plumbing. Sweatshops High crime.

18. Settlement Houses Settlement houses –Provided basic needs. –Taught skills and English. Jane Addams

19. How should wealth be used? Social Gospel of Wealth –Use wealth to promote good works. Social Darwinism –Survival of the fittest. Didn’t see a need to help others.

20. Classwork Today you will read an excerpt from How the Other Half Lives to learn more about immigrant life in the tenement buildings. While reading, you will answer questions. Once you have completed the reading, you will write a diary entry about your life in the tenement buildings. Finally, you will create a poster to advocate for change within living conditions in the tenement buildings.

21. Reflection Describe living conditions in the cities during the early 20 th century and how these conditions change.