1. Interrupts Microprocessor and Interfacing 261313

2. Example: Writing a Game Need to Check Keyboard Input

3. Method 1: Using a Loop Do If GetKeyState(vbKeyRight) Then moveRight ElseIf GetKeyState(vbKeyLeft) Then moveLeft End If Loop

4. Mothod II: Use KeyPress Event KeyPressEvent(KeyAscii As Integer) If KeyAscii = LeftKey Then MoveLeft ElseIf KeyAscii = RightKey Then MoveRight End If End Sub

5. WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN METHOD I - METHOD II ?

6. Method I : Software Polling Method II : Event or Interrupt Driven

7. I/O Handling Techniques Software Polling Interrupts Direct Memory Access (DMA)

8. Benefits of Using Interrupts Consumes much less CPU  Especially when interrupt generated by hardware Cleaner & Simpler Code Allows Basic Parallel Processing

9. Exercise: Program a PIC Microcontroller Blink an LED every 0.5 sec Also receives serial data from the computer Available Commands  Getchar() – wait and return serial data  Output_high(LED), Output_low(LED)  Time() – returns current time (in ms)  Kbhit() – returns true if serial data is available

10. Solution Int currentTime; Char data; startTime = time(); While (1) { if (time() – startTime > 500) { blink_LED(); startTime = time(); } if (kbhit()) { data = getchar(); }

11. Same Program with Timer Interrupt timerISR() { blinkLED(); } Main() { setTimer(); data = getchar(); }

12. Interrupt Handling

13. Multi-Interrupt Handling

14. Interrupt on the PIC

15. Available Interrupts Include INT Pin Interrupt (external interrupt) TMR0 Overflow Interrupt PORTB Change Interrupt (pins RB7:RB4) Comparator Change Interrupt Parallel Slave Port Interrupt USART Interrupts Receive Interrupt Transmit Interrupt A/D Conversion Complete Interrupt LCD Interrupt. Data EEPROM Write Complete Interrupt Timer1 Overflow Interrupt Timer2 Overflow Interrupt CCP Interrupt SSP Interrupt

16. DMA (Direct Memory Access) CPU I/O (e.g. Disk) RAM DMA Can send data directly to and from memory