1. “A gentleman should speak not always of serious subjects, but also of amusing things such as games and jests and jokes, according to the occasion. He should always of course, speak out fully and frankly and avoid talking nonsense. A gentlewoman should know how to choose topics suitable for the kind of person she is addressing…She should not introduce jests and jokes into a discussion about serious things. She should not pretend to know what she does not know, but she should seek modestly to win credit for knowing what she does. “

2.  New ideas appeared as economy/social structure changed  Led to developments in art, literature, science, and learning  The Renaissance-”rebirth”  Arose in Italy  Thriving cities  Increased trade  Wealthy merchant class

3.  Increased trade as a result of the Crusades  Growth of large, wealthy city-states in Italy  Classical learning of ancient Greece and Rome  Rise of rich and powerful merchants (patrons of the arts)  Increased desire for scientific and technical knowledge  Desire to beautify cities

4.  Greek scholars brought ancient works to Italy  Inspired Italians to seek information  Began to think more like classical thinkers  Believed in human ability to create and achieve

5.  What should a good education include?  Church’s power lessens in favor of a classical education-the humanities  Rhetoric, grammar, poetry, history, Latin & Greek  Humanism: movement emphasizing individual achievement and potential of human mind  How is this viewpoint different from previous ideas?

6.  Dante: Italian poet in Middle Ages  Divine Comedy-journey through hell (inferno), purgatory, and paradise  Petrarch  Boccaccio  All wrote literature in the vernacular  Vernacular: everyday language of people

7.  People began looking to humanism for comfort/guidance, instead of to church  Secular: worldly rather than spiritual focus  Stressed education and individual achievement  Ideal Renaissance man: knowledge of classics, but also a man of action

8.  Wrote The Courtier (1528)  Describes how Renaissance man and woman should act

9.  Political philosopher/statesmen  The Prince  Power and ruthlessness more useful than idealism  Separate morals and politics  The ends justify the means  Significance: idea that state exists separately from ruler influences later generations

10.  “A prudent ruler cannot, and must not, honor his word when it places him at a disadvantage and when the reasons for which he made his promise no longer exist”-Machiavelli, The Prince

11.  New ideas about natural world  Challenged church teachings  Copernicus  Polish astronomer  Sun is at center of universe (heliocentric model)  Galileo  Italian astronomer  Placed under house arrest for supporting heliocentric model

12. What were some important new ideas of the Renaissance?

13.  http://www.virtourist.com/europe/florence/in dex.html http://www.virtourist.com/europe/florence/in dex.html  Pick 3 of your favorite works in Florence. Write 2 sentences for each explaining why you chose them.  On looseleaf, to be handed in  Classwork grade

14.  Q/A:  -What is humanism?  -How did Castiglione’s book reveal a new idea about the role of achievement?  Discussion:  -How might the new ideas of the Renaissance affect society?