1. 1 U.S. Map 2 U.S. Map Labelled 3Western Hemisphere4 Eastern Hemisphere 5Comparing Early Civilizations6 Journal Entry 1 7Cultures of North America8 Journal Entry 2 9The Influence of Trade10 The Map of Riches! 11Europeans on the Rise12 DBQ Analysis: World’s Collide 13The Age of Exploration14 Journal Entry 3 15Spain’s Empire16 The Encomienda System 1718 1920 2122 2324 2526 2728 2930 3132 3334

2. Based on the slides, describe the and answer the terms and questions below. Define & Answer Hernando Cortes Montezuma Francisco Pizarro Where did they expand their rule? How was the new way Of life under Spanish Colonization? EQ : How did the Age of Exploration negatively impact the world? 15

3. Hernando Cortes Cortez was a conquistador from Spain who travelled to Mexico after arriving in Cuba. On a hunt for Gold and Glory, he found the Aztec empire. Cortez was offered Gold by Montezuma, and wanted more. He also tried to convert the “savage” Aztecs to the Christian God.

4. Montezuma Montezuma was the King of the Aztecs and had heard rumors of deadly foreigners searching for Gold. He anticipated Cortez’s wants and gave it to him, only to be CAPTURED AND KILLED. The Aztecs fought back, but a year later, Cortez came back and recaptured Tenochitlan using superior military strategies. – The Europeans had much more advanced technology and the use of weapons, horses, and gathered the enemies of the Aztecs to gain an advantage

6. Francisco Pizarro Cortez was able to dominate the Aztecs by borrowing strategies from Pizarro Pizarro won against the Incas in 1532 On a search for Gold, he led 170 soldiers into the jungles He found the Incas and held their ruler Atahualpa for a ransom. He got paid, he killed the ruler anyway, and in turn conquered the leaderless Incas.

7. Where were they able to expand their rule? Juan Ponce de Leon – La Florida (the first Spaniard to step in what is now the U.S.) – He didn’t find any gold in today St. Pete, so continued north to only get attacked by natives – 80 survivors led by Nunez Cabeza de Vaca continued on to the Texas coast – Those who didn’t die from disease (15) were enslaved by natives. 4 including Cabeza de Vaca survived, bringing home stories of the City of Gold Francisco Coronado – New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, and Kansas Hernando de Soto – As far north as the Carolinas, westward to Ohio, and as south as Louisiana

8. How was life under Spanish rule? Conquistadors were able to govern their own land at first Native Americans would work in gold & silver mines (deadly), ranches and plantations The Spanish granted encomiendas (can force Natives to work and pay taxes) Many natives were treated poorly, but a priest, Bartolome de Las Casas spoke out for them. – He created missions to convert the Natives to Christianity

9. How was life under Spanish rule? Native Americans continued dying from European diseases and became a poor tool for labor In 1517, the African Slave Trade began A rigid/strict social class system began and your status was based on birthplace and ethnicity. – The peninsulares were on top since they were Spaniards born in Spain – Creoles were Spaniards born in the colonies and were just below the peninsulares – Those who were mixed Spanish and native were Mestizos – Below Mestizos were Mulattos, those of Spanish and African descent, keeping the African slaves on the bottom of the social pyramid.

10. The Encomienda System 16