2. Industrial Revolution Why do we consider the Industrial Revolution important? Effects: Europe shifted from farm- and handicrafts-based economy, to an economy based on machines in factories

3. Industrial Revolution Five key factors set it up 1.Lots of food 2.Lots of people 3.Ready supply of money (capital) 4.Abundant natural resources 5.Markets to sell to

4. Industrial Revolution Lots of food 1.Farming practices changed; good weather helped. There was enough food to go around, a dramatic increase in the food supply.

5. Industrial Revolution Lots of people 2.With ample food supplies, population expanded; this provided a ready supply of labor, of workers, to staff the factories

6. Industrial Revolution Lots of money 3.Entrepreneurs sought to expand their fortunes, by investing. People in search of profits made the factories, pushed the inventions, drove the progress capital, entrepreneurs

7. Industrial Revolution Natural resources Britain: Rivers provided water power and transportation. Coal and iron ore meant steel, and railroads – use of steam engine was possible

8. Industrial Revolution Ready markets to sell to 5.Britain’s colonies were a ready outlet for goods; British merchant ships could transport. Trade, especially in cotton goods, pushed the development of machines and transportation

9. Industrial Revolution Key products for industrialization –Cotton –Coal –Iron Why were these products so important?

10. Industrial Revolution Cotton A cottage industry Key inventions made it industrial –Cotton ‘gin in U.S. –Flying shuttle –Spinning jenny –Water-powered loom –Steam engine By 1840, cotton was Britain’s most valuable product

11. Cotton ‘gin

12. Flying shuttle

13. Spinning jenny

14. Water powered looms

16. Power looms

19. Refrigerator Needed: Power compressor Electricity Industrial ammonia (and later cooling fluids) Benefits: Food storage and preparation Medicine Science

20. Carriages with internal combustion engines

21. Benefits: Speed Hauling power ‘Round the clock availability Inexpensive

22. Problems, effects Dependence on oil Pollution Land use Social issues –Romance –Isolation –Family and job structure

24. Electronic memory devices Benefits Amazing storage Drives other technologies Ease of use BUT Expensive Socially and culturally isolating

26. Quick and safe home appliances Requires: Utility hookup – gas or electric – or significant infrastructure to operate BUT Enormous benefits in time and cleanliness, including air pollution