1. CARDIO-VASCULAR SYSTEM Movie

2. The cardiovascular system (circulatory system) is composed of your heart, blood vessels, and blood. Its major function is the transport of nutrients, oxygen, and cellular waste products throughout the body. We will look at each of the components in detail.

3. What Does C-V System do? Circulate blood throughout entire body for ◦Transport of oxygen to cells ◦Transport of CO2 away from cells ◦Transport of nutrients (glucose) to cells ◦Movement of immune system components (cells, antibodies) ◦Transport of endocrine gland secretions

4. How does it do it? Heart is pump Arteries and veins are main tubes (plumbing) ◦Arteries Away from Heart ◦Veins to Heart Movie

5. DID YOU KNOW… The “thump-thump” of a heartbeat is the sound made by the four valves of the heart closing. Cocaine affects the heart’s electrical activity and causes spasm of the arteries, which can lead to a heart attack or stroke, even in healthy people A woman’s heart typically beats faster than a man’s. The heart of an average man beats approximately 70 times a minute, whereas the average woman has a heart rate of 78 per minute Grab a tennis ball and squeeze it tightly: that’s how hard the beating heart works to pump blood A kitchen faucet would need to be turned on all the way for at least 45 years to equal the amount of blood pumped by the heart in an average lifetime

6. HEART The heart is composed of four chambers: Right Atrium- Receives deoxygenated blood from the body and forces it into the right ventricle Left Atrium- Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and forces it into the left ventricle. Right Ventricle- Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium, and forces it into the pulmonary artery Left Ventricle- Receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and forces it into the aorta to be distributed throughout the body.

7. BLOOD VESSELS-Arteries Arteries- The vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the body. Arterial walls are muscular and elastic. Blood carried in the arteries is bright colored Arterioles- The smallest arteries Pulmonary Artery- The artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs Aorta- The largest artery in the body. Carries blood from the heart to be distributed throughout the body.

8. Artery/Vein differences Arteries (aa.)Veins (vv.) Direction of flow Blood Away from Heart Blood to Heart PressureHigherLower WallsTHICKERTHINNER LumenSmallerLarger ValvesNo valvesValves

9. BLOOD VESSELS- Veins Veins- The vessels that carry blood from the capillaries on its return to the heart. Blood carried in the veins is usually darker in color. Venules- The smallest veins Pulmonary Vein- The vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. Capillaries- the smallest of all blood vessels. Serve as connectors between arterioles and venuoles. Nutrients and oxygen are delivered to body cells through the capillaries. Cell waste products are picked up in the capillaries.

10. BLOOD The blood is composed of four parts: Plasma- The liquid component of blood. 95% of plasma is water. Plasma contains the blood cells. Red Blood Cells- The most common type of blood cell. Red blood cells deliver oxygen to the body, and have a life span of approximately 100 days. White Blood Cells- Fight infection and pathogens in the body. White blood cells can live from three months to five years. Platelets combine with other blood components to form clots to prevent bleeding. Plasma, which is 90% water, is the medium in which all the blood components and clotting factors are transported.

11. Heart Chambers and Valves

12. Location of Heart in Thorax

13. Another View Macroscopic appearance of epicardial fat (layer of fat around heart) (A) Front view of a normal (210 g) heart. (B) Back view of a normal (210 g) heart. (C) Front view of a hypertrophic (900 g) heart. (D) Back view of a hypertrophic (900 g) heart. In the normal heart, the fat distribution is limited Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with thickening of the heart muscle. This leads to stiffening of the walls of the heart and abnormal aortic and mitral heart valve function, both of which may block normal blood flow out of the heart

14. What is Cardiovascular Endurance? Cardiovascular endurance is the ability of the heart, lungs, and circulatory system to work together

15. Cardiovascular Endurance Frequency It is recommended to perform Cardiovascular Exercise 3-5 days a week

16. Cardiovascular Endurance Intensity To determine how hard you need to exercise when training your cardiovascular endurance you must first figure out your Maximum Heart Rate Maximum Heart Rate Definition: The highest heart rate for a person, related to age

17. Cardiovascular Endurance Time It is recommended that you spend 20-60 minutes in continuous aerobic activity each time you train for cardiovascular endurance In other words you should try to stay in your Target Heart Rate Zone for at least 20 minutes

18. Finding your Maximum Heart Rate Your Maximum Heart Rate (MHR) depends on your age. You can find out what it is by taking 220 and subtracting your age. Here is an example for a 15 year-old student: 220-15=??? 205, is the maximum heart rate

19. Finding The Correct Intensity Cardiovascular development occurs between 70 Percent (the lower limit) and 90 Percent (the upper limit) of your Maximum Heart Rate You then use these limits to determine your Target Heart Rate Zone (THRZ) (which is what we use for our heart rate monitors) Your target heart rate zone (THRZ) is how many beats per minute your heart should be beating at while exercising

20. Cardiovascular Endurance FIT Here is a quick review of the Frequency, Intensity, and Time for a cardiovascular workout Frequency is 3 to 5 days per week Intensity is 70% to 90% of your MHR Time is 20 to 60 minutes

21. Finding the Target Heart Rate Zone (The Quick Way) Here is an example of finding the Target Heart Rate Zone of a 15 year-old student: MHR: 220-15 = 205 Lower Limit: 70% of 205 = 143.5.70 X 205 = 143.5 Upper Limit: 90% of 205 = 184.5.90 X 205 = 184.5 So the Target Heart Rate Zone for this student is 143.5 to 184.5 beats per minute

22. Resting Heart Rate (RHR) Resting Heart Rate Definition: Heart Rate after a person has been sitting quietly for 15-20 minutes The best time to find your resting heart rate is when you first wake up in the morning To do this we will need to learn how to take our pulse

23. Finding your Pulse (Radial Artery) This can be done on the wrist by placing two fingers over the radial artery (inside the wrist on the side of the thumb)

24. Finding your Pulse (Carotid Artery) Or we can use the carotid artery in the neck just below the jaw

25. Determining Your Pulse Now that you can find your pulse, count your pulse for 60 seconds (or count for 10 seconds and multiply your answer by 6) to find your heart rate