1. The Black Plague

2. 1.The _______ was a major epidemic in the Middle Ages and cause much loss of life. 2.This helped the English win many battles. 3.The split in the church. 4.This brought the decline of the importance of castles in medieval Europe. a.Inflation b. 100 Years War c. Black Death d. Cannon e. Longbow f. Crossbow g. Schism h.Inflation 5.____of ____ helped to lead the French army to victory against the British.

7. The Black Plague Started in Asia. The plague in China reportedly killed around 75-90% of population there before it spread. First struck Europe in 1347. “Great Mortality”

9. The Disease Two types, bubonic, and pneumonic. Yersinia pestis is the bacteria that infects the flea and causes the disease (bubonic) Pneumonic spread by mucus/blood. Symptoms for bubonic were the formation of buboes on the persons lymph node glands (painful). Skin became black due hemorrhaging. Pneumonic disease most deadly. Cough up blood.

11. Origins 1347 Trading ships from across the Black Sea reach Sicily. Sailors spread plague when the ship hit the port city. In under one year, the disease had spread into France, Great Britain, Spain, and Portugal.

13. Effect Plague hit cities the hardest bc of the horrible living conditions. According to historian John Kelly, "(w)oefully inadequate sanitation made medieval urban Europe so disease-ridden, no city of any size could maintain its population without a constant influx of immigrants from the countryside." These conditions along with fleas/rats/poor hygienic practices allowed disease to spread quickly. Flagellants.

14. This outbreak of Plague was accelerated by a total absence of sanitary procedures and lack of knowledge. For instance, the dead were heaped in piles, whereupon rats and dogs fed on the corpses and the cycle was extended. Homes were more like sties than what we would associate with buildings fit for human habitation. Roofs and walls were made of straw; floors were dirt; animals were kept inside. The streets, if that's what you could call them, of cities were barely wide enough for a single cart to pass, and they were perpetually covered with mud, garbage, and excrement. For lack of heated water, people rarely bathed and fleas were commonplace. When St. Thomas à Becket was prepared for burial in England in 1170, he was found to be wearing (from the outside in) (i) a large brown mantle, (ii) a white surplice, (iii) a coat of lambs' wool, (iv) a woolen pelisse, (v) another woolen pelisse, (vi) the black robe of the Benedictine order, (vii) a shirt, and (viii) a tight-fitting suit of coarse hair-cloth covered on the exterior with linen. During preparation for burial the cold English air stimulated so many of the critters occupying his hair suit that it "boiled over with them like water in a simmering cauldron."

15. Social Effects of the Plague The Church: –Higher death rates. Why? –Many clergy members were lost and had to be replaced. Replaced by members who were not as qualified. Effects? –Church’s inability to stem plague led to skepticism by people. -Manorialism and serfdom begin to crumble. Why? Flagellants

17. Quotes “The habit of despair is worse than despair itself” “What's true of all the evils in the world is... it helps men to rise above themselves” Besides the Church/Feudalism, one of the effects of the plague is that it changed people’s perspectives on life. Deep depression/fear led to a desire to live one’s life to the fullest with joy/worldly pleasures.