1. Freud’s Topographical Approach Conscious Unconscious Preconscious

2. Freud’s Structural Approach Id (pleasure principle and primary process thinking) Ego (reality principle and secondary process thinking) Superego

4. Humanists Subjective Methods Humans Are Basically Good Emphasize Conscious Experience

5. Self-Esteem Difference Between Self-Concept and Ideal Self Correlates (school achievement, Good Interpersonal Relationships, Vocational Achievement, Mental Health)

6. Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Modeling

7. NEO PI-R Neuroticism (anxiety, angry hostility, depression, self- consciousness, impulsiveness, vulnerability) Extraversion (warmth, gregariousness, activity, assertiveness, excitement-seeking, positive emotions) Openness (fantasy, aesthetics, feelings, actions, ideas, values) Agreeableness (trust, straightforwardness, altruism, compliance, modesty, tender-mindedness) Conscientiousness (competence, order, dutifulness, achievement-striving, self-discipline, deliberation)

8. Social-Cognitive Perspective Reciprocal Determinism Internal locus of Control (high ability to cope with stress, high life satisfaction) External Locus of Control (low ability to cope with stress, procrastinators, low life satisfaction, less academic achievement )