1. What is What will be UNDER THE HOOD and IN THE TANK ? By John Zavalney

2. A one day introduction to ALTERNATIVE CLEAN FUEL for transportation I. Internal Combustion Engines II. Fuels; pros & cons A. How it works A.Fossil Fuels B. Efficiency1. Gasoline C. Pros & Cons2. Diesel D. Why ChangeB Alternatives 1. Electric 2. Hybrid 3. Hydrogen 4. Linkvolt

3. Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) How it works http://www.rkm.com.au/ANIMATIONS/animation-4-stroke-engine.html

4. Combustion of a FUEL in a chamber With an oxidizer usually air Produces increases in temperature and pressure in the chamber That pressure applies a force to a piston or turbine blade Detailed explanation and animation of how an ICE works http://auto.howstuffworks.com/engine1.htm Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) How it works

5. About 12.6% of the energy that goes into the tank is used to move the vehicle Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Efficiency ICE engines lose 62.4% to Friction Heat Pumping air

6. How much of the energy from gasoline goes to moving you? http://www.fueleconomy.gov/FEG/atv.shtml Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Efficiency Planet Green How Stuff Works video clip http://auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid- greenwash.htm

7. Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Pros & Cons PROS Relatively efficient (compared to an external combustion engine) Relatively inexpensive (compared to a gas turbine) Relatively easy to refuel (compared to an electric car) CONS Rapidly decreasing availability of gasoline worldwide Harmful exhaust emissions into atmosphere (CO, CO2, hydrocarbons, etc.)

8. Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Why Change? In 1970, there were 200 million cars in the world 1 In 1990, there were almost 500 million 1 In 1997 there were over 600 million 2 If present trends continue, the number of cars on Earth will double in the next 30 years 2

9. Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Why Change? Cars in the USA are 33% larger than the average car in the world

10. Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Why Change? 600gl: Average amount of gasoline consumed by one U.S. car each year. 12,000lbs: Amount of carbon dioxide emitted from one U.S. car each year.

11. Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Why Change? The U.S. has less than 5% of the worlds total population. U.S. car contribute almost 50% of the worlds automotive green house gases

12. Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Fuel Options Fossil Fuels: Gasoline & Diesel CONS Made from a petroleum not common in the U.S. Does not burn cleanly It is a pollutant Limited supply PROS Less expensive than other fuels Less expensive to run