1. Do Now: Quickly take the 1965 Literacy Test from Alabama Aim: What methods were used by southern states to deny African Americans their right to vote?

2. 1. Trial by Jury only 2. False (every 10 years) 3. Habeas Corpus (immediate presentation of charges); lawyer; speedy trial. 4. January 3 5. January 20 6. Proposed change, as in a Constitution 7. Life (with good behavior) 8. Nine 9. Yes 10. Affirm 11. 35 12. In God We Trust 13. False 14. U.S. Constitution 15. The governor 16. Six 17. Two 18. Executive 19. Congress 20. Population (as determined by census) less untaxed Indians 21. Cruel and unusual 22. True 23. State and local 24. Russia 25. Criminal Answers to Alabama Literacy Test

3. Why were poll taxes so effective in preventing African Americans from voting? A poll or head tax is one imposed equally on all adults at the time of voting and is not affected by property ownership or income. The poll tax was used in the South during and after Reconstruction as a means of circumventing the 14th Amendment and denying civil rights to blacks. This form of taxation gradually fell out of favor in the South in the mid-20th century, but it was not until the adoption of the 24th Amendment that poll taxes were made illegal as a prerequisite for voting in federal elections. That same prohibition was later extended to all elections.Reconstruction14th Amendmentcivil rightsblack24th Amendment

4. Student Responses 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

5. Why do you think grandfather clauses had to be added in many southern states? Directions: Please outline the significant details regarding the grandfather clause The Grandfather Clause was enacted by seven southern states during and after the reconstruction era to prevent freedmen from voting. The clause, designed to negate the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution which allowed black men to vote, significantly reduced African American political participation well into the 20th Century. Starting in Louisiana in 1898 and working its way into laws and constitutions in seven other states by 1910, the Grandfather Clause stated that all men or lineal descendants of men who were voters before 1867 did not have to meet the educational, property, or tax requirements for voting then in existence. This effectively allowed all white males to vote while denying the franchise to black men and other men of color. The Grandfather Clause, with its voting denial, became the centerpiece of a much larger system of discrimination and racial segregation.

6. This is why we study, and why southern states needed grandfather clauses

7. Assessment Without using your notes write a brief paragraph explaining two of the three methods used by white southerners to prevent African Americans from voting. Be sure to include why the methods were effective. Your responses will be collected and graded as a quiz.