1. South Africa JOSH HORTON, NADEGE KABUANGA, KAREN CHAVEZ 1

2. Why did Europe enter into South Africa?  As the Dutch power in South Africa began to die out, Britain came in and captured South Africa for their strategic ports before France (their enemy at the time) got the chance to capture it themselves.  Britain was also interested in this land to use as a staging post and because it contained a strategic port that would aid in trade with Asia.  Large deposits of natural resources and the rise of nationalism in Europe set off a race to claim African colonies. 2

3. Why hadn’t they gone there sooner?  There wasn’t a strong desire to colonize South Africa until the Industrial Revolution began.  The Dutch already had control of the region. 3

4. W hat were the economic, social, and political impacts of imperialism on South Africa?  Economic: Great Britain made large profits off of raw materials and cheap African labor.  Social: End of the slave trade but Africans were still being exploited. Churches, schools and hospitals were built but only promoted European culture. (White Man’s Burden)  Political: African’s weren’t allowed to rule themselves, participate in voting (Berlin Conference) or learn any professional skills. Arpithied laws existed for about 100 years. 4

5. Did imperialism do more to help or hurt people in South Africa from 1800-1914?  Imperialism had both positive and negative effects on South Africa such as…  European imperialism brought about the abolition of slavery.  But Africans were also exploited and paid very low wages as a result of imperialism.  Many new European technologies were introduced to South Africa such as the railroads and telegraph lines.  But those transportation and communication mediums were only available in places that benefitted Europeans. 5

6. How did the abolition of the slave trade lead to European imperialism in South Africa?  Slave trade was abolished in 1807-1811  Africans were still treated poorly  They were still required to do the same work that they did as slaves but were given a low pay for their work. 6

7. How did European nationalism lead to imperialism in South Africa?  European nationalism had produced strong, centrally governed nation-states. During this time, European industrialized nations became more aggressive in expanding into other lands due to their spreading nationalism. The new imperialism in South Africa was due to the integration of European nationalism. This nationalism was integrated so easily because South Africa was a region where declining empires, local wars, and the slave trade left many states vulnerable. 7

8. Significant terms and events  Boer War : Dutch farmers called Boers fought African groups such as the Zulus in the early 1800s after the British acquired the Cape Colony from the Dutch.  large numbers of Boers who opposed British rule migrated north during the 1830s and came into conflict with the Zulus. Fighting between the Boers and the Zulus continued until late in the century.  Shaka Zulu : A brilliant military leader of the Zulus in South Africa.  The Zulus rapidly conquered neighboring tribes, incorporating the survivors into their tribe. By 1823, Shaka was in control of a great majority of Southern Africa.  Berlin Conference : The conference between Belgium, France, Great Britain, Italy, Germany, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands and more. This conference regulated European colonization of Africa. No African states were invited nor were they represented.  Scramble for Africa : Between the years 1881-1914; The invasion and colonization of Africa territory by European powers. 8