1. Tobacco (chapter 16)

2. Tobacco companies need 3000 new smokers a day to replace those that quit or die It takes 25 years for a cigarette butt to decompose The average smoker destroys about one tree every two weeks Children of smokers are more likely to have asthma, ear infections, more colds, and die of sudden infant death syndrome The average smoker will die approximately seven years earlier than a nonsmoker 1:6 deaths in the US can be linked to smoking

3. Smoking is the # 1 cause of preventable death, 443,000 people a year die 2 nd hand smoke is the 3 rd leading cause of preventable death (approx. 40,000 deaths per year) 90% of smokers start before age 21 Children are the main target group for tobacco companies

4. Ways Tobacco Gets in the Body Cigarettes Cigars (up to 80x’s more nicotine than cigarettes) cancer risk increases 51% when switch from cigarettes Pipes Chewing tobacco – leafy form used in mouth Snuff- powdery form of tobacco sniffed through nose Dip- powdery form of tobacco placed in mouth Snus – ground tobacco wrapped in tea-bag Bidis – unfiltered cigarette, tobacco wrapped in leaf Second-hand smoke- smoke from burning cigarette Environmental smoke- smoke left in environment Hookah – water pipe used to smoke tobacco

5. Hookah Compared to a single cigarette, hookah smoke can contain: Higher levels of arsenic, lead, & nickel 36 times more tar 15 times higher carbon monoxide Higher levels of carcinogens A 20 minute session equals about the same amount of tar as a pack of cigarettes and nicotine = to 100 Health risks include: Cancer, heart disease, lung damage, dental disease, oral cancers Exposure to 2 nd hand smoke puts one at risk for harmful health effects Hookah and pregnancy have lower birth rate by at least 100 grams and are at high risk for respiratory diseases.

6. E - Cigarettes Operates by electronically vaporizing a liquid solution that often contains nicotine, creating a mist which is then inhaled. “Vaping”. Cartridges generally contain varying levels of nicotine, flavoring, and other chemicals. Because there is nicotine, it is still addictive and have the same physiological effects as other tobacco products.

7. E- Cigarettes

8. Health Effects The liquids contain ingredients that on short term use, may irritate airways and may lead to allergic reactions harmful to health. Aerosols of some liquids contain harmful substances similar to those found in tobacco. E-Cigs emit fine and ultrafine inhalable liquid particles, nicotine, and cancer causing substances. Risk of nicotine poisoning because there’s now way to monitor how much you’re getting. Because of the products newness, studies are still in the works and long term damage is uncertain.

9. September 2015 study from JAMA of Pediatrics found that over 1/3 of young people using E-Cigs, turned to tobacco cigarettes within one year.

10. E–Cigarettes are NOT FDA Regulated This means there is no certainty that what is listed in ingredients is actually what is really in the product AND ingredients are tested to see if they are safe.

11. 1.Nicotine – drug in tobacco. All but one e-cig cartridge labeled “no nicotine” actually contained nicotine 2.Propylene Glycol – safe in food but uncertain about safety of inhaling it. Also used in artificial fog. Known to irritate eyes and can be harmful to people with asthma and COPD 3.Flavorings – where most of the harmful ingredients/carcinogens are found. 1.Diacetyl – used in popcorn to add buttery flavor. Linked to COPD when inhaled “popcorn lung”

12. Main Ingredients in Cigarettes Tobacco- the plant used to make cigarettes, contains nicotine. Nicotine- highly addictive drug found in all tobacco drugs. Has stimulant effects on the body. Tar- dark sticky liquid that forms when tobacco is burned. Coats the airways and can cause cancer. Carbon Monoxide- the colorless, odorless gas produced when tobacco is burned. Attaches to red blood cells and replaces oxygen. Carcinogens- cancer causing chemicals

13. There are over 7000 chemical in tobacco smoke, including: Acetone- used in nail polish remover Ammonia- floor/toilet cleaner Arsenic- poison Carbon monoxide- car exhaust DDT- insecticide Formaldehyde- used to preserve dead organs Methane- swamp gas Methanol- rocket fuel Butane- cigarette lighter fluid

14. What’s in Smokeless Tobacco

15. Smokeless Tobacco

20. Anatomy of a Cigarette Filter: filters some of the chemicals in cigarettes. Also considered the butt of the cigarette. Mainstream smoke: what the smoker gets from inhaling the cigarette, filtered Side-stream smoke: smoke from the burning end of cigarette, unfiltered.Contains 2X’s amount of tobacco & tar as mainsteam smoke

21. Early Effects of Tobacco Decrease taste and smell Increase cough Yellowing of hands and teeth Wrinkles Bad breath Smelly clothes and hair Lowered immune system Shortness of breath Impaired physical ability Mouth sores

22. Long –Term Risks Cancer : –The carcinogens in tobacco are cancer causing –lung cancer is the #1 cancer causing death. 85% of cases are caused from tobacco. –Other cancers include: mouth, throat, bladder, pancreas, blood, and kidney –The earlier one starts smoking, the greater the risk

23. Healthy Lung

24. Cancer Lung

25. Mouth Cancer

27. Respiratory Disease / Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): –Chronic Bronchitis – excess mucus in lungs, cough a lot, difficulty breathing –Emphysema- alveoli (air sacs) in lungs are permanently destroyed and breathing gets increasingly more difficult. This disease is irreversible. Many people end up depending on breathing machines to help them breath

28. Emphysema Lung

29. Cardiovascular Diseases –Includes: heart disease, high blood pressure, and stroke Smoking causes the heart to work harder, constricts the blood vessels, reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood, and blocks the flow of blood. It also increases cholesterol levels in the blood. Smokers are 2-3x’s more likely to have a heart attack Smoking doubles a person’s chance of a stroke

30. Gum and Dental Disease

31. Tobacco Use and Pregnancy Tobacco smoke increases the baby’s heart rate, reduces it’s oxygen supply, and slows cell growth. Smoking puts baby at risk for: -Low birth weight- SIDS -Premature Birth- Asthma -Hearing problems- Stillbirth -Learning difficulties- Miscarriage

32. Tobacco and Addiction Nicotine takes 7 seconds to reach the brain and begin it’s stimulant effects on the body Initially most people feel nauseous, dizzy, and might vomit but tolerance builds quickly and so does the number of cigarettes a person smokes. Physical and psychological both develop but most people have a stronger psychological dependence because of their smoking and habit relationship. Withdrawals: nicotine is out of the body 3-5 days after quitting. Physical withdrawals include irritation, headaches, low energy, and feeling anxious.

33. Quitting Tobacco The benefits are happen right away and they can make a huge impact on one’s health……

35. But quitting isn’t easy, it requires a thought out plan. The average smoker makes 5 attempt to quit before success. Identify your reasons or motivation for quitting. Have a plan Use support (people and/or smoking cessation aids) Account for your triggers

36. Remember, it’s easier to not start than it is to quit.