1. Shifting the Worldview How Values Shape What We Hear Kyle Nolan and Max Boyle

2. Quiz Cues Separately add up the odd questions of Set 1 and Set 2. Do the same for the even questions of both sets. You should have 4 different numbers – What do these numbers mean? – First let’s define a few things!

3. Current Observations We are split as a society by our cultural values, or virtues, and it is more than just a political, religious and spiritual way. What has split us? – Global warming – Nuclear Power – Gun control – Healthcare (abortion, death, autonomic vs parental)

4. Four View Points Dan Kahan, a Yale law professor, has done enough research (Cultural Cognition Project) to frame our views into four separate categories, split up on two spectra: – Individualist and Communitarian – Hierarchal and Egalitarian What side do these issues lie on? – What falls in the middle ground, or what is similar?

5. Future Shows a Shift The way our society, and worldview, is shifting from an individualism/hierarchal worldview to a communitarian/egalitarian worldview. But why? – End of WWII and appreciation for human life. – Space race led to viewing of ourselves as a planet. – Communication has been greatly advanced. Do you see this shift or is it going the other way? planetaryplanetary

6. Planetary Beings The first glimpse of Earth opened our eyes/minds to another thought. – That we are all one species, and that we share this planet with other life. Gaia Theory – Earth is a living organism that we are all apart of. What worldviews are you apart of? – Odd: Individualist and Egalitarian - Set 1 and Set 2 – Even: Communitarian and Hierarchal – S1 and S2 planetaryplanetary

7. High Risk vs Low Risk Kahan did an experiment showcasing how the picture of a random actor (older, white men) was presented to participants. – The “scientists” provided scientific research on global warming, nuclear power and gun control. – Then they gave a high risk or low risk option for moving forward. Infringement on autonomy in high risk option led many Individualistic/Hierarchal participants to disagree with the findings. Low risk choices led to more support (a flip) in the consensus of Individualistic/Hierarchal participants.

8. Current Standpoint/Generation How do your values/culture frame your worldview(s) when presented with scientific evidence? Opinions on how information age has altered our views. – Wide access and/or open communication. Has it helped or hurt us?

10. Left- and Right-Brain Kahan noticed that numerically talented and scientifically literate individuals utilize science well in small terms but they become very polarized as it encroaches their values. – These people are “too rational.” – Skepticism and Conspiracy Theorists Ornstein and Brokaw -- http://0- highered.nbclearn.com.skyline.ucdenver.edu/portal/site/HigherEd/browse?cuecard=32 391. http://0- highered.nbclearn.com.skyline.ucdenver.edu/portal/site/HigherEd/browse?cuecard=32 391 Intuitive vs Reflective thinking – Viewing the world with expectations vs reasoning and communication of intuitive thoughts.

11. What Disbelief? Who believes scientists? – Workaholics – NOT FOR WEAK STOMACHS https://youtu.be/ML_yKt_SzvI?t=13s. https://youtu.be/ML_yKt_SzvI?t=13s Kahan and Francis Collins, Director of National Institute of Health, are worried that scientists are being disheartened by the lack of understanding. – Science appeals to Left-Brain’s rational thought while beliefs make up the Right-Brain and we tend to be rooted in our beliefs. Trouble digesting “randomness” and new findings. planetaryplanetary

12. Game Plan It is encouraging for Kahan that science is being understood even if it is being used to discount findings. – He believes that scientists need to communicate their findings better rather than say, “We must do this” or “You’re wrong.”

13. Resources Achenbach, J. (2015, March). The Age of Disbelief. National Geographic, 32-47. Voosen, P. (2014, November 3). Striving for A Climate Change. The Chronicle of Higher Education. http://chronicle.com/article/Seeking-a- Climate-Change/149707/. Accessed on April 2, 2015.http://chronicle.com/article/Seeking-a- Climate-Change/149707/ Ropeik, David. (2011, March 9). Take the Cultural Cognition Quiz. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/how-risky-is-it- really/201103/take-the-cultural-cognition-quiz. Accessed on May 5, 2015.https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/how-risky-is-it- really/201103/take-the-cultural-cognition-quiz Boyer, P. (2010). Why Evolved Cognition Matters to Understanding Cultural Cognitive Variations. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 35(3-4), 376-386. Cultural Cognition Project. (2015). Yale Law School. http://www.culturalcognition.net/. Accessed on May 5, 2015. http://www.culturalcognition.net/