1. Chapter 6 Intervention with Organizations Charles Glisson

2. Introduction Human services organization vary greatly in work environments. Organizational intervention strategies are rarely used or tested. Organizational intervention strategies can improve work environments and services.

3. Resistance to Change Rooted in inclination to use familiar paths Change efforts often undertaken without benefit of systematic organizational intervention strategies proven to be effective

4. Dimensions of Organizational Context Need for a comprehensive model of organization change Should address social, strategic, and technical factors

5. Using Planned Intervention Value of targeting multiple dimensions. Focus should be on small groups or teams. Group-level changes affect entire organizational systems within which groups are embedded.

6. Culture and Climate Culture and climate are distinct concepts. Culture - Norms and expectations that drive work behavior Climate - The way people perceive their work environment

7. The ARC Model Framework for implementing organizational interventions Utilization of trained change agents Team-based process Collaboration Participation Innovation

8. Phases in Organizational Intervention Problem identification Direction setting Implementation Stabilization

9. Limitations of the Evidence Poor specification of intervention strategies. Prevalence of case studies. High number of qualitative studies. Randomized controlled trials. Studies lack validated, quantitative measures. More studies are needed in mental health and social services organizations.