1. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu How to Use This Presentation To View the presentation as a slideshow with effects select “View” on the menu bar and click on “Slide Show.” To advance through the presentation, click the right-arrow key or the space bar. From the resources slide, click on any resource to see a presentation for that resource. From the Chapter menu screen click on any lesson to go directly to that lesson’s presentation. You may exit the slide show at any time by pressing the Esc key.

2. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter Presentation Transparencies Image and Math Focus Bank Bellringers Standardized Test Prep CNN Videos Visual Concepts Resources

3. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Matter in Motion Table of Contents Section 1 Measuring Motion Section 2 What Is a Force? Section 3 Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion Section 4 Gravity: A Force of Attraction Chapter 5

4. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Bellringer Describe your position in the classroom using a reference point and a set of reference directions. Record your response in your science journal. Chapter 5 Section 1 Measuring Motion

5. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Objectives Describe the motion of an object by the position of the object in relation to a reference point. Identify the two factors that determine speed. Explain the difference between speed and velocity. Chapter 5 Section 1 Measuring Motion

6. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Objectives, continued Analyze the relationship between velocity and acceleration. Demonstrate that changes in motion can be measured and represented on a graph. Chapter 5 Section 1 Measuring Motion

7. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Observing Motion by Using a Reference Point Motion is an object’s change in position relative to another object, or reference point. The object that appears to stay in place is called a reference point. The direction of an object’s motion can be described with a reference direction, such as north, south, east, west, up, or down. Common Reference Points The Earth’s surface is a common reference point for determining motion. Chapter 5 Section 1 Measuring Motion

8. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Motion Chapter 5 Section 1 Measuring Motion Click below to watch the Visual Concept. You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key. Visual Concept

9. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Speed Depends on Distance and Time Speed is the distance traveled by an object divided by the time taken to travel that distance. Speed= distance/time The SI unit for speed is meters per second (m/s). Kilometers per hour (km/h), feet per second (ft/s), and miles per hour (mi/h) are other units commonly used to express speed. Chapter 5 Section 1 Measuring Motion

10. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Speed Depends on Distance and Time, continued Determining Average Speed Average speed equals the total distance divided by the total time. Chapter 5 Section 1 Measuring Motion Recognizing Speed on a Graph Speed can be shown on a graph of distance versus time, as shown on the next slide. average speed  total distance total time

11. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 1 Measuring Motion

12. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 1 Measuring Motion

13. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Velocity: Direction Matters The speed of an object in a particular direction is called velocity. Speed and velocity are two different terms with two different meanings. Velocity must include a reference direction. Chapter 5 Section 1 Measuring Motion

14. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Velocity: Direction Matters, continued Changing Velocity You can think of velocity as the rate of change of an object’s position. An object’s velocity is constant only if its speed and direction don’t change. Combining Velocities You can combine different velocities to find the resultant velocity. The next slide shows how you can combine velocities to find the resultant velocity. Chapter 5 Section 1 Measuring Motion

15. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 1 Measuring Motion

16. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Acceleration The rate at which velocity changes over time is called acceleration. An object accelerates if its speed, or direction, or both change. An increase in velocity is commonly called positive acceleration. A decrease in velocity is commonly called negative acceleration, or deceleration. Chapter 5 Section 1 Measuring Motion

17. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Acceleration, continued Calculating Average Acceleration You can find average acceleration by using the equation: Chapter 5 Section 1 Measuring Motion average acceleration  final velocity  starting velocity time it takes to change velocity Velocity is expressed in meters per second (m/s), and time is expressed in seconds (s). So acceleration is expressed in meters per second per second, or (m/s)/s, which equals m/s 2.

18. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 1 Measuring Motion

19. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Acceleration, continued Recognizing Acceleration on a Graph Acceleration can be shown on a graph of velocity versus time. Chapter 5 Section 1 Measuring Motion

20. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Acceleration, continued Circular Motion: Continuous Acceleration An object traveling in a circular motion is always changing its direction. Therefore, its velocity is always changing, so it is accelerating. The acceleration that occurs in circular motion is known as centripetal acceleration. Chapter 5 Section 1 Measuring Motion

21. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Bellringer Look around the room and think about the objects you see in terms of force. A force is always exerted by one object on another object. Where do you see a force happening in the room right now? Which object is exerting the force, and which is receiving it? Chapter 5 Section 2 What Is a Force?

22. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Objectives Describe forces, and explain how forces act on objects. Determine the net force when more than one force is acting on an object. Compare balanced and unbalanced forces. Describe ways that unbalanced forces cause changes in motion. Chapter 5 Section 2 What Is a Force?

23. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Forces Acting on Objects In science, a force is simply a push or a pull exerted on an object in order to change the motion of the object. All forces have both size and direction. A force can change the acceleration of an object. This acceleration can be a change in the speed or direction of the object. Scientists express force using a unit called the newton (N). Chapter 5 Section 2 What Is a Force?

24. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu http://www.brainpop.com/science/motionsforc esandtime/force/http://www.brainpop.com/science/motionsforc esandtime/force/

25. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Forces Acting on Objects, continued Unseen Sources and Receivers of Forces It is not always easy to tell what is exerting a force or what is receiving a force. For example, you cannot see what exerts the force that pulls magnets to refrigerators. You cannot see that the air around you is held near Earth’s surface by a force called gravity. Chapter 5 Section 2 What Is a Force?

26. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Determining Net Force Usually, more than one force is acting on an object. The net force is the combination of all of the forces acting on an object. Determining net force depends on the directions of the forces. Chapter 5 Section 2 What Is a Force?

27. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Determining Net Force, continued Forces in the Same Direction Two forces are added to determine the net force if the forces act in the same direction. The net force will be in the same direction as the individual forces. Forces in Different Directions If forces are acting in opposite directions, the net force can be found by subtracting the smaller force from the larger one. Chapter 5 Section 2 What Is a Force?

28. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 2 What Is a Force?

29. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Balanced and Unbalanced Forces Balanced Forces When the forces on an object produce a net force of 0 N, the forces are balanced. Balanced forces will not cause a change in the motion of a moving object. Balanced forces do not cause a nonmoving object to start moving. Chapter 5 Section 2 What Is a Force?

30. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Balanced and Unbalanced Forces, continued Unbalanced Forces When the net force on an object is not 0 N, the forces on the object are unbalanced. Unbalanced forces produce a change in motion, such as a change in speed or a change in direction. Unbalanced forces are necessary to cause a non- moving object to start moving, or to change the motion of moving objects. Chapter 5 Section 2 What Is a Force?

31. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Bellringer Suppose you and a younger sister or brother are at a neighborhood pool. Your sister or brother asks why there are signs that say “NO RUNNING.” What would be your answer? Chapter 5 Section 3 Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion

32. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Objectives Explain why friction occurs. List the two types of friction,and give examples of each type. Explain how friction can be both harmful and helpful. Chapter 5 Section 3 Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion

33. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu The Source of Friction Friction is a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact. Friction occurs because the surface of any object is rough. Even surfaces that feel smooth are covered with microscopic hills and valleys. Chapter 5 Section 3 Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion

34. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu The Source of Friction, continued When two surfaces are in contact, the microscopic hills and valleys of one surface stick to the tiny hills and valleys of the other surface. This contact causes friction. Chapter 5 Section 3 Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion

35. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu The Source of Friction, continued The Effect of Force on Friction The amount of friction depends on the force pushing the surfaces together. If this force increases, the hills and valleys of the surfaces can come into closer contact. The close contact increases the friction between the surfaces. Objects that weigh less exert less downward force than objects that weigh more, as shown on the next slide. Chapter 5 Section 3 Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion

36. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 3 Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion

37. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu The Source of Friction, continued The Effect of Rougher Surfaces on Friction Rough surfaces have more microscopic hills and valleys than smooth surfaces do. So, the rougher the surface is, the greater the friction is. Chapter 5 Section 3 Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion

38. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Types of Friction Kinetic Friction The word kinetic means “moving.” So, kinetic friction is friction between moving surfaces. The amount of kinetic friction between two surfaces depends in part on how the surfaces move. Surfaces can slide past each other, or a surface can roll over another surface. Chapter 5 Section 3 Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion

39. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Types of Friction, continued Usually, the force of sliding kinetic friction is greater than the force of rolling kinetic friction. It is usually easier to move objects on wheels than to slide the objects along the floor, as shown below. Chapter 5 Section 3 Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion

40. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Types of Friction, continued Static Friction When a force is applied to an object but does not cause the object to move, static friction occurs. The word static means “not moving.” The object does not move because the force of static friction balances the force applied. Static friction disappears as soon as an object starts moving, and then kinetic friction immediately occurs. Chapter 5 Section 3 Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion

41. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 3 Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion

42. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Friction: Harmful and Helpful Without friction, a car’s tires could not push against the ground to move the car forward, and the brakes could not stop the car. Without friction, a car is useless. However, friction can also cause problems in a car. Friction between moving engine parts increases their temperature and causes the parts to wear down. Friction can be both harmful and helpful, so it may be necessary to decrease or increase friction. Chapter 5 Section 3 Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion

43. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Friction: Harmful and Helpful, continued Some Ways to Reduce Friction One way to reduce friction is to use lubricants. Lubricants are substances that are applied to surfaces to reduce the friction between the surfaces. Some examples of common lubricants are motor oil, wax, and grease. Lubricants are usually liquids, but they can be solids or gases. Chapter 5 Section 3 Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion

44. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Friction: Harmful and Helpful, continued Friction can be reduced by switching from sliding kinetic friction to rolling kinetic friction. Ball bearings can be placed between wheels and axels to make it easier for wheels to turn by reducing friction. Another way to reduce friction is to make surfaces that rub against each other smoother. Chapter 5 Section 3 Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion

45. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Friction: Harmful and Helpful, continued Some Ways to Increase Friction Making surfaces rougher is one way to increase friction. For example, sand scattered on icy roads keeps cars from skidding. Another way to increase friction is to increase the force pushing the surfaces together. For example, if you are sanding a piece of wood, you can sand the wood faster by pressing harder on the sandpaper. Chapter 5 Section 3 Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion

46. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Bellringer Significantly decreased gravity gives astronauts the sensation of being weightless and forces astronauts to make many adjustments in their activities. Write a paragraph explaining what you would like and dislike about living with reduced gravity. Write your paragraph in your science journal. Chapter 5 Section 4 Gravity: A Force of Attraction

47. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Objectives Describe gravity and its effect on matter. Explain the law of universal gravitation. Describe the difference between mass and weight. Chapter 5 Section 4 Gravity: A Force of Attraction

48. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu The Effects of Gravity on Matter Gravity is a force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses. Gravity can change the motion of an object by changing its speed, direction, or both. All matter has mass, and gravity is a result of mass. Therefore, all matter is affected by gravity and all objects experience an attraction toward all other objects. The mass of most objects is too small to cause a force large enough to move objects toward each other. Chapter 5 Section 4 Gravity: A Force of Attraction

49. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu The Effects of Gravity on Matter, continued The Size of Earth’s Gravitational Force Compared with all objects around you, Earth has a huge mass. Therefore, Earth’s gravitational force is very large. You must apply forces to overcome the Earth’s gravitational force any time you lift objects or even parts of your body. Chapter 5 Section 4 Gravity: A Force of Attraction

50. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Newton and the Study of Gravity The Core of an Idea Why do objects fall toward the Earth? What keeps the planets moving in the sky? Chapter 5 Section 4 Gravity: A Force of Attraction In 1665, British scientist Sir Isaac Newton made the connection between these two questions when, as legend has it, he saw an apple falling from a tree.

51. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Newton and the Study of Gravity, continued Newton knew that unbalanced forces are needed to change the motion of objects. He concluded that an unbalanced force on the apple made the apple fall. He also reasoned that an unbalanced force on the moon kept the moon moving around the Earth. He proposed that these two forces are actually the same force––gravity. Chapter 5 Section 4 Gravity: A Force of Attraction

52. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Newton and the Study of Gravity, continued The Birth of a Law Newton summarized his ideas about gravity in a law known as the law of universal gravitation. This law describes the relationships between gravitational force, mass, and distance. The law is called universal because it applies to all objects in the universe. Chapter 5 Section 4 Gravity: A Force of Attraction

53. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu The Law of Universal Gravitation Part 1: Gravitational Force Increases as Mass Increases Gravitational force is small between objects that have small masses. Gravitational force is large when the mass of one or both objects is large. Part 2: Gravitational Force Decreases as Distance Increases Gravitational force is strong when distance between two objects is small. If the distance between two objects increases, the gravitational force pulling them together decreases rapidly. Chapter 5 Section 4 Gravity: A Force of Attraction

54. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 4 Gravity: A Force of Attraction

55. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Weight as a Measure of Gravitational Force The Differences Between Weight and Mass Weight is related to mass, but they are not the same. Weight is a measure of the gravitational force on an object. Weight changes whenever gravitational force changes. Mass is the amount of matter in an object. An object’s mass does not change if gravitational force changes. Chapter 5 Section 4 Gravity: A Force of Attraction

56. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 4 Gravity: A Force of Attraction

57. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Weight as a Measure of Gravity, continued Units of Weight and Mass The SI unit of force is a newton (N). Gravity is a force, and weight is a measure of gravity. So, weight is also measured in newtons. The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). Mass is often measured in grams (g) and milligrams (mg) as well. On Earth, a 100 g object weighs about 1 N. Chapter 5 Section 4 Gravity: A Force of Attraction

58. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Concept Map Chapter 5 Matter in Motion Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide. speed time velocity motion acceleration

59. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Matter in Motion

60. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Matter in Motion

61. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu End of Chapter 5 Show

62. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Reading Read each of the passages. Then answer the questions that follow each passage. Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

63. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Passage 1 If you look closely at the surface of a golf ball, you’ll see dozens of tiny dimples. When air flows past these dimples, the air is stirred up and stays near the surface of the ball. By keeping air moving near the surface of the ball, the dimples help the golf ball move faster and farther through the air. Continued on the next slide Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

64. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Passage 1, continued Jeff DiTullio, a teacher at MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts, decided to apply this principle to a baseball bat. When DiTullio tested his dimpled bat in a wind tunnel, he found that the bat could be swung 3% to 5% faster than a bat without dimples. That increase may not seem like much, but the dimpled bat could add about 5 m of distance to a fly ball! Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

65. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 1. Who is Jeff DiTullio? A the inventor of the dimpled golf ball B a teacher at Cambridge University C the inventor of the dimpled bat D a professional baseball player Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

66. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 1. Who is Jeff DiTullio? A the inventor of the dimpled golf ball B a teacher at Cambridge University C the inventor of the dimpled bat D a professional baseball player Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

67. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. Which of the following ideas is NOT stated in the passage? F Dimples make DiTullio’s bat move faster. G MIT is in Cambridge, Massachusetts. H Air that is stirred up near the surface of DiTullio’s bat makes it easier to swing the bat faster. I DiTullio will make a lot of money from his invention. Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

68. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. Which of the following ideas is NOT stated in the passage? F Dimples make DiTullio’s bat move faster. G MIT is in Cambridge, Massachusetts. H Air that is stirred up near the surface of DiTullio’s bat makes it easier to swing the bat faster. I DiTullio will make a lot of money from his invention. Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

69. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. In the passage, what does wind tunnel mean? A a place to practice batting B a place to test the speed of objects in the air C a baseball stadium D a passageway that is shielded from the wind Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

70. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. In the passage, what does wind tunnel mean? A a place to practice batting B a place to test the speed of objects in the air C a baseball stadium D a passageway that is shielded from the wind Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

71. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Passage 2 The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California, is one of the most famous landmarks in the world. Approximately 9 million people from around the world visit the bridge each year. The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge. A suspension bridge is one in which the roadway is hung, or suspended, from huge cables that extend from one end of the bridge to the other. Continued on the next slide Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

72. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Passage 2, continued The main cables on the Golden Gate Bridge are 2.33 km long. Many forces act on the main cables. For example, smaller cables pull down on the main cables to connect the roadway to the main cables. And two towers that are 227 m tall push up on the main cables. The forces on the main cable must be balanced, or the bridge will collapse. Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

73. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 1. In this passage, what does landmarks mean? A large areas of land B well-known places C street signs D places where people meet Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

74. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 1. In this passage, what does landmarks mean? A large areas of land B well-known places C street signs D places where people meet Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

75. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. Which of the following statements is a fact from the passage? F The roadway of the Golden Gate Bridge is suspended from huge cables. G The towers of the Golden Gate Bridge are 2.33 km tall. H The main cables connect the roadway to the towers. I The forces on the cables are not balanced. Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

76. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. Which of the following statements is a fact from the passage? F The roadway of the Golden Gate Bridge is suspended from huge cables. G The towers of the Golden Gate Bridge are 2.33 km tall. H The main cables connect the roadway to the towers. I The forces on the cables are not balanced. Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

77. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. According to the passage, why do people from around the world visit the Golden Gate Bridge? A It is the longest bridge in the world. B It is a suspension bridge. C It is the only bridge that is painted orange. D It is a famous landmark. Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

78. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. According to the passage, why do people from around the world visit the Golden Gate Bridge? A It is the longest bridge in the world. B It is a suspension bridge. C It is the only bridge that is painted orange. D It is a famous landmark. Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

79. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Interpreting Graphics The graph below shows the data collected by a student as she watched a squirrel running on the ground. Use the graph below to answer the questions that follow. Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

80. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 1. Which of the following best describes the motion of the squirrel between 5 s and 8 s? Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation A The squirrel’s speed increased. B The squirrel’s speed decreased. C The squirrel’s speed did not change. D The squirrel moved backward.

81. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 1. Which of the following best describes the motion of the squirrel between 5 s and 8 s? Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation A The squirrel’s speed increased. B The squirrel’s speed decreased. C The squirrel’s speed did not change. D The squirrel moved backward.

82. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. Which of the following statements about the motion of the squirrel is true? Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation F The squirrel moved with the greatest speed between 0 s and 5 s. G The squirrel moved with the greatest speed between 8 s and 10 s. H The squirrel moved with a constant speed between 0 s and 8 s. I The squirrel moved with a constant speed between 5 s and 10 s.

83. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. Which of the following statements about the motion of the squirrel is true? Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation F The squirrel moved with the greatest speed between 0 s and 5 s. G The squirrel moved with the greatest speed between 8 s and 10 s. H The squirrel moved with a constant speed between 0 s and 8 s. I The squirrel moved with a constant speed between 5 s and 10 s.

84. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. What is the average speed of the squirrel between 8 s and 10 s? Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation A 0.4 m/s B 1 m/s C 2 m/s D 4 m/s

85. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. What is the average speed of the squirrel between 8 s and 10 s? Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation A 0.4 m/s B 1 m/s C 2 m/s D 4 m/s

86. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Math Read each question and choose the best answer. Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

87. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 1. The distance between Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and Sioux Falls, South Dakota, is about 660 km. How long will it take a car traveling with an average speed of 95 km/h to drive from Cedar Rapids to Sioux Falls? A less than 1 h B about 3 h C about 7 h D about 10 h Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

88. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 1. The distance between Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and Sioux Falls, South Dakota, is about 660 km. How long will it take a car traveling with an average speed of 95 km/h to drive from Cedar Rapids to Sioux Falls? A less than 1 h B about 3 h C about 7 h D about 10 h Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

89. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. Martha counted the number of people in each group that walked into her school’s cafeteria. In the first 10 groups, she counted the following numbers of people: 6, 4, 9, 6, 4, 10, 9, 5, 9, and 8. What is the mode of this set of data? F 6 G 7 H 9 I 10 Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

90. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. Martha counted the number of people in each group that walked into her school’s cafeteria. In the first 10 groups, she counted the following numbers of people: 6, 4, 9, 6, 4, 10, 9, 5, 9, and 8. What is the mode of this set of data? F 6 G 7 H 9 I 10 Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

91. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. Which of the following terms describes the angle marked in the triangle below. A acute B obtuse C right D None of the above Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation 42°

92. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. Which of the following terms describes the angle marked in the triangle below. A acute B obtuse C right D None of the above Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation 42°

93. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 4. Donnell collected money for a charity fundraiser. After one hour, he counted the money and found that he had raised $10.00 in bills and $3.74 in coins. Which of the following represents the number of coins he collected? F 4 pennies, 9 nickels, 18 dimes, and 6 quarters G 9 pennies, 7 nickels, 18 dimes, and 6 quarters H 6 pennies, 7 nickels, 15 dimes, and 8 quarters I 9 pennies, 8 nickels, 12 dimes, and 3 quarters Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

94. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 4. Donnell collected money for a charity fundraiser. After one hour, he counted the money and found that he had raised $10.00 in bills and $3.74 in coins. Which of the following represents the number of coins he collected? F 4 pennies, 9 nickels, 18 dimes, and 6 quarters G 9 pennies, 7 nickels, 18 dimes, and 6 quarters H 6 pennies, 7 nickels, 15 dimes, and 8 quarters I 9 pennies, 8 nickels, 12 dimes, and 3 quarters Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

95. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 1 Measuring Motion

96. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 1 Measuring Motion

97. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 1 Measuring Motion

98. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 1 Measuring Motion

99. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 2 What Is a Force?

100. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 3 Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion

101. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 3 Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion

102. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 3 Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion

103. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 3 Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion

104. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 4 Gravity: A Force of Attraction

105. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 4 Gravity: A Force of Attraction

106. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 4 Gravity: A Force of Attraction

107. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

108. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 1 Measuring Motion

109. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu CNN Videos Future Mars Astronauts Growing Plants in Space Chapter 5 The Science of Bowling