3. “HOOVERVILLES”

4. Election of 1932  Voters want economic improvement  Hoover is nominated for Republicans  Franklin Delano Roosevelt chosen for Democrats 5 th Cousin of TR Eleanor became political partner ○ TR’s Niece She is the most active 1 st Lady FDR had to prove he was not an invalid

5. Election of 1932  Hoover said his policies kept the GD from becoming worse.  FDR attacked Hoover’s spending Ironic -FDR spends much more  FDR 472 electoral He got the black vote  Hoover 59

6. Three R’s: Relief, Recovery, & Reform  “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”  Bank holiday March 6-10  Hundred Days Congress Democratic Congress  Congress gives FDR blank- check powers  New reforms – unemployment insurance, old age insurance, minimum- wage reg., restrictions on child labor.

7. Roosevelt Tackles Money & Banking  Emergency Banking Act of 1933  Fireside Chats to gain support.  Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)  FDR gets nation off gold standard

8. Creating Jobs for the Jobless  Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)  Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)  Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)  Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLCA)  Civilian Workers Administration (CWA)

9. Day for Every Demagogue  Father Charles Coughlin Catholic priest Michigan Dislike ND and voiced it on radio  Senator Huey P. Long LA popular for “Share the Wealth” ○ Unrealistic plan.  Dr. Francis E. Townsend CA had a plan for senior citizens to get $200 a month if spent within a month ○ Mathematically crazy plan

10. New Visibility for Women  First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt most visible  Frances Perkins – Secretary of Labor First female cabinet member

11. Helping Industry and Labor  National Recovery Administration Help labor, industry, and unemployment Later shut down my Supreme Court  Public Works Administration Intended to extend industrial recovery and unemployment relief Headed by Harold L. Ickes – Secretary of the Interior

12. 1933 - 21 st Amendment 21 st Amendment repealed Prohibition. Congress- Legalize light wine and beer with alcohol content of 3.2% or less and also levied a $5 tax on every barrel manufactured.

13. Paying Farmers Not to Farm  Agricultural Adjustment Agency Paid Farmers to reduce crop acreage and would eliminate price-depressing surpluses Rocky start – increase unemployment Supreme Court killed it in 1936 2 nd AAA of 1938 more comprehensive  Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1936 Paid farmers to plant soil-conserving plants (soybeans) or let land fallow

14. Dust Bowl and Black Blizzards  Drought of 1933 – winds whip dust into air. Parts of MO, TX, KS, AR, OK  1934 Frazier- Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act- suspension of mortgage foreclosures for 5 years.  Supreme Court struck down 1935 but later changed to 3 years.  1935 FDR – Resettlement Administration

15. Dust Bowl

17. Indian Reorganization Act of 1934  Indian “New Deal”  Encouraged tribes to preserve their culture and traditions and set up their own local self- government  77 tribes refused to organize  200 tribes did.

18. Battling Bankers and Big Business  Federal Securities Act “Truth in Securities Act” Required promoters to transmit to the investor sworn information regarding the soundness of their stocks & Bonds  Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Stock watchdog administrative agency

19. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)  1933 sought to discover how much it took to produce electricity and keep rates reasonable.  Constructed dams on the Tennessee River  Helped 2.5 million citizens  Hydroelectric power in TN expanded west

20. Federal Reform and Social Security  1934 Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Small loans to householders  U.S. Housing Authority (USHA) Lend money to states or communities for low-cost construction  Social Security Act of 1935 Created pensions for old age, blind, the physically handicapped, delinquent children, & other dependents.

21. New Deal for Labor  Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act) of 1935 Took place of NRA Guaranteed labor unions to organize  1935 Committee for Industrial Organization  1938 Fair Labor Standards Act

22. Election of 1936  Kansas Governor Alfred M. Landon runs for Republicans  FDR runs for reelection  Roosevelt wins by landslide FDR gets 523 electoral votes Landon gets 8 electoral votes  Democrats get over 2/3 majority in both Houses and Senate

23. Election of 1936 Results

24. Court Packing Scheme  20 th Amendment – Lame Duck President moves in January (instead of March.  FDR controlled both houses (Democrats)  Supreme Court was conservative  6 of 9 members were over 70.  He tried to up the numbers of justices up from 9 to 15.  This backfired on him – “he’s a dictator.”

25. Twilight of the New Deal  FDR’s 1 st term Unemployment down 25% in 1932 to 15% in 1936.  1937 “Roosevelt Recession” Economy took a brief downturn cause by government policies.  1937 Congress passes Reorganization Act Gave FDR limited power to administrative reforms  Hatch Act of 1939 Barred federal administrative officials from active political campaigning.