1. Two Scientific Revolutions III. The Classical Age Islamic Philosophy

2. Branches of Philosophy Logic Philosophy/falsafa Theology/Kalam

3. Logic Its Role and importance Spread The Ẓ āhirīs/Anti- logic philosophy

4. Philosophy/ Falsafa The Formative Period The First Aristotelian Turn Illumination Philosophy The Second Aristotelian Turn

5. Theology Al-Kindi The Mutazila and the Mihna The Ash ʿ aris The Traditionalists and the Karaites

6. Other Schools Pythagorean Philosophy Atomism and Epicurean Philosophy

7. Political Philosophy Al-Farabi Suhrawardi Nizam al-Mulk Ibn Khaldūn

8. Attacks on Philosophy Mutazila Asharīs Pythagoreans Non-Philosophical Sufism

9. Two Scientific Revolutions III. The Classical Age Islamic Philosophy