1. Caliphate as a Political System Historical Myth or Future Reality By Javed I. Chaudry QeRN August 16, 2014

2. Nomenclature  Caliph: A successor of Prophet Mohammad  Caliphate: Dominion of a Caliph  Dynesty: A succession of Rulers of the same Descent  Empire: A number of territories or people under a single sovereign authority  QeRN J. Chaudry 2

3. First Islamic Caliphate The Rightly Guided Khalifas  Abu Bakr Siddiq 632-634 CE  Umer Faruq 634-644  Uthman Ghani 644-656  Ali bin Abu Talib 656-661  Abu baker Nomination created a split in the community Qern J. Chaudry 3

4. Caliphate turns into Kingdom  During Umar’s Caliphate, Roman and Persian empires came under Islamic sovereignty.  A civil war erupted as Ali was nominated after Uthman.  Muawiya, the governer of Syria refused to recognise Ali’s caliphate  Muawiya became the first King from the House of Ummayads. Retained the title of Khalifa but introduced hereditary principle of Kings. QeRN J. Chaudry 4

5. Abbassids replace Ummayyads  Ummayyads had lost character and spirit of Islam. Rebilions made them weak.  In 750 CE, Abul Abbas captured Iraq, removed Ummayyads and hence started a new Caliphate, the Abbassids. Ruled 750 - 1258 CE  This caliphate is considered the Golden age of the Islamic Caliphate.  The Mongols destroyed Bagdad in 1258 QeRN J. Chaudry 5

6. Muslim Spain Al-Andalas  Tarq ibn Ziyad attackec Spain with Berber army and Umayyad forces  Ruled 714 – 1492 CE  Golden Era: 9 th -11 th Century CE  Science and Philosophy flourished as the Muslims, Christians, Jews lived harmoniously Muslim rule ended after a united Christian attack from the surrounding states QeRN J. Chaudry 6

7. Ottoman Empire – Usmania Caliphate 1299 - 1924  Spanned over three continents  Peace, tolerance for various religions, sects, nations, creeds  Decline started early 1800s Complacency and Incompetence  Corruption among higher officials  Nationalism, Economic decadence QeRN J. Chaudry 7

8. Muslim Contributions to Civilization  Advances were made in: Maths, Medicine, Astronomy, Philosophy, Literature, Physics, Chemistry,  Great Names like: Al-Khwarzimi, Ibn Khaldun, Averoes Al-Ghazali, Al-Kindi QeRN J. Chaudry 8

9. Muslim Contributions to Civilization (Cond.)  Some Examples*: Algebra, Geometry, Arithmetic with Zero**: Al-Khwarzimi  Fibonacci  The West Optics: Ibn Al-Haytham  The West * PBS ran a documentary show on Muslim Innovations. ** From India, 650 CE Kalam Cosmological Argument for existence of God: Al-Andulas: Al-Ghazali, AlKindi  The West QeRN J. Chaudry 9

10. Why Muslim Contributions are not well known ?  Muslims are still waiting for their renaissance  Lack of Organizational Continuity of Caliphates  Abrupt end of the Caliphates and Kingdoms  Colonization of most Muslim countries  Missed technological revolution while under colonial rule  Despotic rulers and lack of proper governance QeRN J. Chaudry 10

11. Is Caliphate a Future Reality ?  As an Empire, caliphate has no future  Caliphate existed for 29 years while Islam was pure in accordance with the Quran  With all the sectarian divisions that exist today, secular government is the answer  Imagine, Indian Muslims started Khilafat Movement in 1920s – even Gandhi joined in the movement  The Quran is open to any type of government QeRN J. Chaudry 11

12. Caliphate today would be akin to employing steam to power the modern transport systems.

13. A New Caliphate – ISIS, ISIL  A bunch of mercenaries gone haywire?  US Plans, Saudi Funds for Demascus Regime Change  The Rental Soldiers had change of Heart or working to a Covert Strategic Plan ?  Iraq  Sunni, Shia, Kurd States – 2003 Plan?  Rhetorical Statement to Rule 1.5 b Muslims QeRN J. Chaudry 13

14. Quote: Arnold J. Toynbee Of the twenty-two civilizations that have appeared in history, nineteen of them collapsed when they reached the moral state the United States is in now QeRN J. Chaudry 14