1. Chapter 10, Kinship Key Terms

2. Kinship Culturally defined relationship established on the basis of blood ties or through marriage. Consanguineal Related by blood ties.

3. Affinal Related by marriage; in-laws. Kinship system Kin relations, kin groups, and terms for classifying kin in a society.

4. Kinship terminology The system of kinship terms in a particular culture. Genitor A biological father.

5. Pater Socially designated father of a child, who may or may not be the biological father. Inheritance The transfer of property between generations.

6. Succession The transfer of office or social position between generations. Descent The culturally established affiliation between a child and one or both parents.

7. Descent group Group of kin who are lineal descendants of a common ancestor, extending beyond two generations. Unilineal descent Membership in a descent group based on links through either the maternal or the paternal line, but not both.

8. Patrilineal descent Rule that affiliates children with kinsmen of both sexes related through males only. Matrilineal descent A rule that affiliates a person to kin of both sexes related through females only.

9. Bilateral descent System under which both maternal and paternal lines are used in reckoning descent. Lineage A group of kin whose members trace descent from a known common ancestor.

10. Patrilineage A lineage formed by descent in the male line. Matrilineage A lineage formed by descent in the female line.

11. Clan Unilineal kinship group whose members believe themselves to be descended from a common ancestor but who cannot trace this link genealogically. Phratry A unilineal descent group composed of a number of clans whose members feel themselves to be closely related.

12. Totem An animal, plant or other aspect of the natural world, held to be ancestral or to have other intimate relationship with members of a group. Double descent Tracing descent through both matrilineal and patrilineal links, each of which is used for different purposes.

13. Nonunilineal descent Any system of descent in which both father’s and mother’s lineages have equal claim to the individual. Cognatic descent Any nonunilineal system of descent.

14. Ambilineal descent A form of bilateral descent in which an individual may choose to affiliate with either the father’s or mother's descent group. Kindred A unique kin network made up of all the people related to a specific individual.

15. Rammage A kinships group produced by a ambilineal descent system. Lineal kin Blood relations linked through a descent, such as Ego, Ego’s mother, Ego’s grandmother, and Ego’s daughter.

16. Collateral kin Kin descended from a common ancestor but not in a direct ascendant or descendant line, such as siblings or cousins. Consanguinity Blood ties between people.

17. Bifurcation A principle for classifying kin under which different kinships terms are used for the mother’s side of the family and the father’s side of the family.