1. NON-VASCULAR PLANTS JRMG 2010 Bio1

2. WHAT ARE PLANTS?????

3. KINGDOM PLANTAE Multicellular eukaryotes CW: cellulose Chlorophyll a and b “STATIONARY ANIMALS EAT SUNLIGHT” Immobile Alternation of Generations

4. Basic Plant LIFE CYCLE

5. NEEDS of PLANTS Sunlight Water Minerals Gas

6. Overview of Plant Evolution Algae- water Land plants –Light and CO2 –Water and Minerals –Shoot system Cuticle (2º product) Lignin Sporopollenin*

8. HOW DID PLANTS BECOME SUCCESFUL ON LAND????????

9. PLANT EVOLUTION: AS EMBRYOPHYTES Gametes: non-aquatic environment Embryos: protected From EARLY PLANTS: –Gametangia Production, protection, site of fertilization –Transformation to Embryophytes

10. EVOLUTIONARY ORIGINS Oxygen existence –Algae –Photosynthetic prokaryotes Ancestral algal species –Charophytes Cooksonia

11. CHAROPHYTES branch of Phylum Chlorophyta plant ancestor Chara braunii

12. CHAROPHYTES Chaetosporidium Choleochaete orbicularis

13. Cooksonia

14. Kingdom Plantae

15. History of Terrestrial Adaptation Charophytes: aquatic ancestors 1 ST ADAPTATION: Spores→Sporopollenin –Jacketed gametangia EMERGENCE OF BRYOPHYTES

16. Sporopollenin Cuticle

17. Gametangia

18. 2 ND ADAPTATION: Vascular tissues EMERGENCE OF VASCULAR PLANTS

19. 3 RD ADAPTATION: ORIGIN OF SEED Colonization of land plants –Naked seeds EMERGENCE OF GYMNOSPERMS

20. 4 TH ADAPTATION: Modification of seeds –Protective coat EMERGENCE OF ANGIOSPERMS

21. BREAKDOWN OF K. PLANTAE Non- vascular plants –P. Bryophyta, P. Hepatophyta and P. Anthocerophyta Vascular plants/ TRACHEOPHYTA –Gymnosperms –Angiosperms

22. NON- VASCULAR PLANTS Without vascular tissue Life cycle depends: water (reproduction)

23. PHYLUM BRYOPHYTA Environment: water Moist habitat and nutrient poor soil Can tolerate low temp STRUCTURE –Stalk + capsule= sporophyte –Leaf like and stem like structure gametophyte Life cycle (http://www.zo.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/bio213/plants.html)http://www.zo.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/bio213/plants.html

25. Sphagnum

29. PHYLUM HEPATOPHYTA Liverworts Gametophyte: umbrella like (gametangia) –Archaegonium –Antheridium ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION: Gemmae –Haploid cells –Gemmae cups

30. Marchantia polymorpha

31. Female gametophyte Male gametophyte

34. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

35. RHIZOID

36. Asexual Reproduction

38. PHYLUM ANTHOCEROPHYTA Damp soil Sporophyte: horn-like Sporophyte reamins attached to the gametophyte –divides continuously Large chloropast/cell

39. Anthoceros Dendroceros

41. LIFE CYCLE: SEXUAL