1. ALL (E GRADE): Will be able to define what a ‘Just War’ and ‘Holy War’ are and list two criteria for a Just War MOST (C GRADE): Will be able to explain several of the criteria of the Just War theory and apply it to a war SOME (A GRADE): Will be able to examine the strengths and weaknesses of the Just War theory and use the criteria to argue whether WW2 can be considered to be a ‘Just War’ LO: TO EXAMINE THE CONCEPTS OF HOLY WAR AND JUST WAR Starter List 3 ways that war could be justified. List 3 reasons that you think can never justify going to war. The worst reason to go to war is… because… The best reason to go to war is… because…

2. ALL (E GRADE): WILL BE ABLE TO DEFINE WHAT A ‘JUST WAR’ AND ‘HOLY WAR’ ARE AND LIST TWO CRITERIA FOR A JUST WAR MOST (C GRADE): WILL BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN SEVERAL OF THE CRITERIA OF THE JUST WAR THEORY AND APPLY IT TO A WAR SOME (A GRADE): WILL BE ABLE TO EXAMINE THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE JUST WAR THEORY AND USE THE CRITERIA TO ARGUE WHETHER WW2 CAN BE CONSIDERED TO BE A ‘JUST WAR’ LO: To examine the concepts of Holy War and Just War What war are these pictures of and how do you know? Write five facts while watching the video.

3.  From 1101 to 1271 there were nine crusades. These were largely based on the belief of Christian Europe that it should take back the Holy Land and in particular Jerusalem from the Muslims who ruled it. These battles were supported by Pope Urban II and he encouraged people to go fight.  Do you think most Christians would support a holy war now?  Do you think Christians would support any kind of war?  Some (not all!) Christians may support a ‘Just War’. ALL (E GRADE): WILL BE ABLE TO DEFINE WHAT A ‘JUST WAR’ AND ‘HOLY WAR’ ARE AND LIST TWO CRITERIA FOR A JUST WAR MOST (C GRADE): WILL BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN SEVERAL OF THE CRITERIA OF THE JUST WAR THEORY AND APPLY IT TO A WAR SOME (A GRADE): WILL BE ABLE TO EXAMINE THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE JUST WAR THEORY AND USE THE CRITERIA TO ARGUE WHETHER WW2 CAN BE CONSIDERED TO BE A ‘JUST WAR’ LO: To examine the concepts of Holy War and Just War

4.  Most religions oppose war.  However, many of them believe fighting can be justified if it is the only course of action that can prevent real evil.  Over many years, Christian thinkers developed conditions for a ‘Just War’.  The word ‘Just’ means fair or right. A war is considered to be a ‘Just War’ if it is fought for just / right reasons and it is carried out fairly.  Most Christians believe that war should be avoided if possible but that sometimes it is necessary, and in that case, the ‘Just War’ conditions should be used.  Complete the sheet using the words at the bottom to complete the gap fill. For each criteria draw a picture / symbol to help you remember it. Answers for gap fill on next slide. ALL (E GRADE): WILL BE ABLE TO DEFINE WHAT A ‘JUST WAR’ AND ‘HOLY WAR’ ARE AND LIST TWO CRITERIA FOR A JUST WAR MOST (C GRADE): WILL BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN SEVERAL OF THE CRITERIA OF THE JUST WAR THEORY AND APPLY IT TO A WAR SOME (A GRADE): WILL BE ABLE TO EXAMINE THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE JUST WAR THEORY AND USE THE CRITERIA TO ARGUE WHETHER WW2 CAN BE CONSIDERED TO BE A ‘JUST WAR’ LO: To examine the concepts of Holy War and Just War

5.  Answers to gap fill: 1.War 2.Justified 3.Morally 4.Authority 5.Force 6.Need 7.Cause 8.Controlled 9.Authority 10.Victory 11.Peace 12.Minimum 13.Protection 14.Evil 15.Resort ALL (E GRADE): WILL BE ABLE TO DEFINE WHAT A ‘JUST WAR’ AND ‘HOLY WAR’ ARE AND LIST TWO CRITERIA FOR A JUST WAR MOST (C GRADE): WILL BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN SEVERAL OF THE CRITERIA OF THE JUST WAR THEORY AND APPLY IT TO A WAR SOME (A GRADE): WILL BE ABLE TO EXAMINE THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE JUST WAR THEORY AND USE THE CRITERIA TO ARGUE WHETHER WW2 CAN BE CONSIDERED TO BE A ‘JUST WAR’ LO: To examine the concepts of Holy War and Just War

6.  The Criteria: Just Cause  There must be a Just Cause, those attacked must deserve it. Authority  The war must be started and controlled by the proper Authority – the state, the government, the monarch, etc. Motive  There must be a proper Motive, i.e. to establish good by the victory over the opposition and to re-establish peace and harmony Proportion  The arms used must be in Proportion to what needs to be achieved. A minimum amount of force should be used. Protection  There must be adequate Protection for the civilians caught up in the conflict. Evil.  The war must be fought to promote good over Evil. Resort.  The war must be a last Resort. Which of these, in your opinion, is the most important criteria for a ‘just war’ and why? Pick your top three. Which of these, in your opinion, are the least important criteria for a ‘just war’ and why? Pick the least important two. ALL (E GRADE): WILL BE ABLE TO DEFINE WHAT A ‘JUST WAR’ AND ‘HOLY WAR’ ARE AND LIST TWO CRITERIA FOR A JUST WAR MOST (C GRADE): WILL BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN SEVERAL OF THE CRITERIA OF THE JUST WAR THEORY AND APPLY IT TO A WAR SOME (A GRADE): WILL BE ABLE TO EXAMINE THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE JUST WAR THEORY AND USE THE CRITERIA TO ARGUE WHETHER WW2 CAN BE CONSIDERED TO BE A ‘JUST WAR’ LO: To examine the concepts of Holy War and Just War

7.  Use the statements here to help you respond to the statement: ALL (E GRADE): WILL BE ABLE TO DEFINE WHAT A ‘JUST WAR’ AND ‘HOLY WAR’ ARE AND LIST TWO CRITERIA FOR A JUST WAR MOST (C GRADE): WILL BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN SEVERAL OF THE CRITERIA OF THE JUST WAR THEORY AND APPLY IT TO A WAR SOME (A GRADE): WILL BE ABLE TO EXAMINE THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE JUST WAR THEORY AND USE THE CRITERIA TO ARGUE WHETHER WW2 CAN BE CONSIDERED TO BE A ‘JUST WAR’ LO: To examine the concepts of Holy War and Just War “The ‘just war theory’ has no serious weaknesses.” Allows the defence of the defenceless. It tries to protect innocent victims. It is impossible in modern warfare to distinguish soldier and civilian. The UN can do very little to prevent unjust wars. It is open to abuse: you could justify most things. Prevents excess and unnecessary loss of life. Weapons of mass destruction and terrorism need a totally new approach. Unrealistic – the strong and powerful always win. Permits violence, which is morally wrong. Delaying warfare can give the other side advantages and waste time whilst injustices occur. Combined wisdom of many thinkers and philosophers.

8.  Plenary Squares! ALL (E GRADE): WILL BE ABLE TO DEFINE WHAT A ‘JUST WAR’ AND ‘HOLY WAR’ ARE AND LIST TWO CRITERIA FOR A JUST WAR MOST (C GRADE): WILL BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN SEVERAL OF THE CRITERIA OF THE JUST WAR THEORY AND APPLY IT TO A WAR SOME (A GRADE): WILL BE ABLE TO EXAMINE THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE JUST WAR THEORY AND USE THE CRITERIA TO ARGUE WHETHER WW2 CAN BE CONSIDERED TO BE A ‘JUST WAR’ LO: To examine the concepts of Holy War and Just War List three of the Just War criteria Name two weaknesses of the Just War criteria Explain what a Holy War is and give an example What is a ‘just war’? Name two strengths of using the Just War theory Would many Christians now support a Holy War? Why / why not? 1 2 3 4 5 6