1. Positive Disciplining Catch them being good Establish positive expectations Praise and reinforce positive behaviour Expect the best BUT prepare for the worst At the beginning establish shared expectations and standards Communicate the rules and ensure that they are enforced throughout Let students have an input

2. Forms of Classroom Discipline problems. Aggression: Some learners may physically or verbally attack a teacher or other learners Defiance of authority: refusal to do as instructed by the teacher Immorality: stealing,lying,cheating Disruptions: talking aloud, shouting out, moving around the room, clowning, continuously bothering other learners Not doing assigned tasks Arriving late Making cheeky remarks Wearing earphones in class Packing up early as if to leave Not bringing one’s book, pen etc Looking out of the window Giggling with a partner at the wrong time Writing on the desks, table walls etc Not volunteering to answer questions

3. Causes of indiscipline The society The environment The learners The teacher

4. How the teacher can contribute to discipline problems. Inconsistency in the use of procedures Failure to monitor the learners Ignoring inappropriate behaviour Poor lesson planning Inappropriate teaching materials Inappropriate or poor attire Failure to make clear the teacher’s expectations Nagging Assigning extra school work Lack of objectivity in the handling of academic marks Threats and unrealistic ultimatums Harsh and humiliating punishments

5. Teenage Related Reasons for Indiscipline The imbalance of authority between students and the teacher may be one cause of difficulties with teenage students, who may experience the extra “added authority” of the teacher in the EFL class as a threatening and unwelcome intrusion. Consider who has the “authority” in the classroom to do the following: 1. Call everyone in the class by their first name 2. Leave the class without asking for permission 3. Decide what everyone else should be doing 4. Decide who should do what 5. Sit anywhere they choose 6. Write on the board 7. Get up and walk around the class 8. Comment and write on other people’s work 9. Interrupt Teenage learners can be very self-conscious and acutely aware of their own “self-images”. The imbalance of authority may lead to inappropriate behaviour triggered by apprehension that their “weaknesses” and “failures” could be exposed in public.

6. Behaviours teenagers might adopt to protect themselves from humiliation and embarrassment of failure include: Regression Rationalisation Projection Displacement Work Avoidance Compensation

7. Homework Each participant should hand in by tomorrow evening a write-up of one successful stirrer or one settler activity that they have used in their class.

8. A Classification of effective classroom management techniques that teachers of young learners can use Motivating techniques Calming techniques Attention gaining techniques Attention sustaining techniques Beahaviour modification techniques 1. Indicating dissatisfaction with inappropriate behaviour 2. Isolating cause of classroom disruption 3. Initiating behavioural modification 4. Sustaining behavioural change 5. Rewarding appropriate behaviour and achievement 6. Lesson pacing techniques