1. MALNOURISHMENT C. Sheppard, 2008

2. Malnourishment The failure to achieve proper nutrition requirements to the point where the person can no longer maintain natural bodily capacities, such as growth, pregnancy, learning abilities, physical work and resisting & recovering from disease. Includes: –being dangerously thin for one's age –being deficient in vitamins and minerals –being overweight (obese)

3. Undernourishment Describes the status of people whose food intake does not include enough calories (energy) or the proper nutrients to meet minimum physiological needs. By 2002, the total number of undernourished people worldwide had increased to 852 million. Today, one in nearly seven people do not get enough food to be healthy and lead an active life. Source: United Nations World Food Programme

4. Diseases Associated with Undernourishment

5. Kwashiorkor A protein deficiency disorder of children. Occurs as a result of a diet that is adequate in calories, but deficient in certain amino acids. The child may have a swollen and severely bloated abdomen and various skin changes - including a reddish discoloration.

6. Kwashiorkor

7. Rickets A nutritional disorder caused by severe and prolonged vitamin D deficiency that leads to softening and weakening of the bones in children. The child may have bowed legs, bone pain, slowed growth, muscle loss and an increased risk of broken bones.

8. Rickets

9. Marasmus A nutritional disorder caused by calorie deficiency and energy deficiency. The child will be extremely thin, have dry skin and poor muscle development Body weight may be less than 80% of normal weight.

10. Marasmus

11. Scurvy A nutritional disorder caused by vitamin C deficiency. Characterized by bleeding gums and red rash, tiredness, joint and muscle aches.

12. Scurvy

13. OBESITY

14. Obesity A chronic medical condition where a person is severely overweight, with a very high body fat percentage. Obesity is fostered by our environment; lack of physical activity; high calorie and high fat content diets; and also has a strong familial component.

15. Obesity Diagnosed using a combination of a person’s: –Body Mass Index (BMI) »over 30 kg/m 2 –Waist Circumference –Percentage Fat Content

16. Obesity Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally, with more than 1 billion adults overweight - at least 300 million of them clinically obese. 22 million children under five are estimated to be overweight worldwide. Most prevalent in more developed countries, such as the USA, Canada, United Kingdom and many of the Islands in the Pacific (Micronesia, Cook Islands). However, it often coexists with undernourishment in less and least developed countries. Source: World Health Organization

17. Diseases Associated with Obesity Heart Disease & Stroke Type II Diabetes Cancer (Colon, Prostate, Kidney & Gallbladder) Osteoarthritis Respiratory Problems (Sleep Apnea & Asthma)