1. Warm up The Constitution of the USA was written to make the central government of the new country stronger than it had been under the Articles of Confederation. Here is the Preamble to the Constitution of the US: “We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare & secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” In the preamble what are six goals that the writers had in mind for the Constitution? Which of these do you think is most important and why?

2. Jefferson’s Presidency 1.01/1.03

3. The Election of 1800 Democratic Republican Ticket: Federalist Ticket What was the issue in the election? How were they going to decide? The Outcome?? Thomas Jefferson & Aaron Burr John Adams & Charles Pickney Jefferson & Adams tied w/73 votes a piece. so it was up to the House of Representatives to make the decision. W/ Hamilton’s support and persuasion, Jefferson became President & Burr VP 3

4. The “Midnight Judges” John Marshall In Adams final days of being President in 1801 he attempted to fill the federal courts with members of his party. Due to the fact that these appointees were appointed so last minute @ the end of Adam’s presidency, Jefferson named them the “Midnight Judges”. In response to Adams quick move, Jefferson had his secretary of state (James Madison) w/hold several documents preventing some of the judges from taking office. In return, William Marbury, one of the midnight judges sued Sect. of State Madison, to try to force him to deliver the papers. Hence Marbury v. Madison. 4

5. What was Jay’s Treaty again? XYZ Affair The Jay’s treaty had upset the French gov’t & as a result the French began seizing American ships. 1797, Pres. John Adams sent a 3 men delegation team to France to negotiate an agreement b/w the 2 countries. The French foreign minister informed the delegates that France would only negotiate only if the US would lend the French $10 million. – The US denied the demand When the matter became public, the men’s names where substituted for X, Y & Z. The exposure of the XYZ Affair angered Americans, but Adams wished to avoid war. He would once again send a negotiator to France, this time resulting a treaty, the Convention of 1800. 5

6. How were we going to fix our issues with the French? Convention of 1800 What decisions were made? With the Convention of 1800, France & the US were able to negotiate some of their issues, reopened trade & reestablished diplomatic relations. The French agreed to stop seizing American ships. It also ended the U.S.-French alliance, which officially made the U.S. neutral 6

7. The Embargo Act of 1807 Not AGAIN!! Ah-Ha! … We will just Stop Trading! (Stupid Idea!) During Jefferson’s presidency, trouble b/w the U.S. & Great Britain began once again. The U.S. had con’t to make efforts to stay neutral through the Great Britain & French war. – Great Britain would again seize & impress U.S. sailors. – & the U.S. would be outraged & angered yet again! Knowing that the U.S. wasn’t ready to enter a war Jefferson had a different plan: – An economic policy of peaceful coercion, or non-violent, forceful persuasion. The Embargo Act of 1807: stopped trade into & out of American Ports. – The attempt failed & caused an economic disaster for U.S. merchants. – It would be repealed in 1809. 7

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