1. Research Methodology II Term review

2. Theoretical framework  What is meant by a theory? It is a set of interrelated constructs, definitions and propositions that present a systematic view of a phenomena.  Define theoretical framework. A group of related ideas that provides guidance to a research project or business endeavor.  State the importance of the theoretical framework. It is important because it provides a rationale for predictions about the relationships among variables of a research study.  Explain briefly descriptive theories and explanatory theories. Descriptive theories: It describes or classify specific characteristics of individuals, groups, situations, or events by summarizing the observations. Explanatory theories: It specifies relations among the dimensions or characteristics of individuals, groups, situations, or events.

3. Methodological framework  What is methodology? A set or system of methods, principles, and rules for regulating a given discipline, as in the arts or sciences. It outlines techniques, tools, data analysis, and possible outcomes.  Explain what is meant by qualitative approach. It refers to the investigation based on characteristics, details, and qualities.  Explain what is meant by quantitative approach. It refers to the investigation based on numerical information, such as statistics.  What is combined approach? It contains main features of quantitative and qualitative approach.  Distinguish between primary and secondary collection methods. Primary information: It refers to information prepared by the author, it’s obtained directly from the source. Secondary information: It’s existing information, such as articles, newspapers.

4. Methodological framework  What is a survey? A gathering of sample of data or opinions considered to be representative of a whole. Questionnaires need to have clear questions, an easy to follow design, and not to be too long.  Explain the types of questions of a survey. A survey may contain open format questions or closed format questions. Open format: Give the opportunity to express opinions. Closed format: Multiple choice questions.  What is an interview? It is a formal meeting between two people where questions are asked by the interviewer to obtain information from the interviewee.  What is structured observation? It is a technique for data collection. The investigator gathers information directly without a respondent.  What is a Focus group? It is a representative group of people questioned together about their opinions on political issues, consumer products, etc., in order to gather information.

5. Extended essay  What is an extended essay? It is a written report that outlines the final results of a research.  List the elements of the extended essay. A. Title page 1. Title centered on page & Research question below it 2. Student name 3. Candidate number 4. Date of IB Exams 5. Category 6. Advisor’s Name 7. Word Count B. Abstract C. Table of Contents D. Introduction E. Body of Paper F. Conclusion G. Works Cited

6. Conclusions and recommendations  Define what a conclusion is. It is the final part of any type of written report. It is used to summarize the overall content.  Explain the relation between objectives and conclusion. In order to write a proper conclusion it must be linked to the specific objectives. Each part of the conclusion must achieve each objective and further more they may state recommendations.  Define what recommendations are. The recommendation can be part of the conclusion. It is made by forward looking ideas. They try to address the research problem.  Practice writing a conclusion based on a given text: http://www.k12reader.com/worksheet/write-the-conclusion-the-tower-of- london/view/

7. APA standards  Write the content of the Title page. Title centered on page & Research question below it Student name Candidate number Date of IB Exams Category Advisor’s Name Word Count  Apa Standards General format. Font: Times new roman Font size: 12, Line spacing: 1 ½  Practice writing a list of references: http://www.uefap.com/writing/exercise/referenc/refex3.htm  Practice the following APA quiz: https://awc.ashford.edu/apa-practice-quiz.html