1. Minerals Day 3 Student Notes Quiz Monday!

2. MINERALS Elements are the basic building blocks of minerals! But what is a mineral? ◦ Naturally Occurring ◦ Solid Substance ◦ Orderly Crystalline Structure ◦ Definite Chemical Composition ◦ Generally considered inorganic

3. MINERALS – Is it a mineral? 1. Why would ice be considered a mineral, but water would not? 2. Is coal considered a mineral? Explain. 3. When you “grow a crystal” from a kit, are you creating a mineral? Explain. 4. Name a mineral that you know of – use the definition of a mineral to write a sentence verifying it is a mineral.

4. Mineral Formation Minerals are formed in a few ways: ◦ Crystallization from magma ◦ Precipitation ◦ Pressure and Temperature (within the earth) ◦ Hydrothermal Solutions Minerals formed by the crystallization of magma

5. Mineral Formation For each of these ways a mineral is formed, the bottom line is that elements are bonding together. Today we are going to talk about the how they are categorized according to which elements are bonded together.

6. Mineral Formation Mineral Groups Minerals can be classified based on their composition. We will discuss 6 mineral groups today and how you can know which groups minerals belong to based on their chemical composition.

7. 2.2 Minerals 1. Silicates Silicon and oxygen combine to form a structure called the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron. This silicon-oxygen tetrahedron provides the framework of every silicate mineral.

8. 2.2 Minerals 1. Silicates Use the periodic table to find the symbol for Silicon. Use the table to find the symbol for oxygen. Whenever you see these symbols together in a compound it will be classified as a silicate. Example: Orthoclase Feldspar - KAlSi 3 O 8 What other elements do you see in this compound? Other examples: Quartz – SiO 2

9. SiO 2 - Quartz – used to make glass and gemstones. It is one of the most abundant minerals found on earth!

10. KAlSi 3 O 8 - Feldspar – makes porcelain and china

11. Mineral Groups 2.2 Minerals 2. Carbonates Minerals that contain the elements carbon, oxygen, and one or more other metallic elements Aragonite – a collectors item

12. Mineral Groups 2.2 Minerals 3. Oxides Minerals that contain oxygen and one or more other elements, which are usually metals

13. Oxides Ice and snow Zincite – used in semiconductors

14. Mineral Groups 2.2 Minerals 4. Sulfates and Sulfides Minerals that contain the element sulfur 5. Halides Minerals that contain a halogen ion plus one or more other elements 6. Native elements Minerals that exist in relatively pure form Name 3 examples of Native Elements:

15. Sulfides Galena – mined for lead Pyrite – “fool’s gold” – mined for iron

16. Applying Mineral Groups To which mineral group do each of the following minerals belong: 1. Bornite (Cu5FeS4) 2. Cuprite (Cu2O) 3. Magnesite (MgCO3) 4. Barite (BaSO4) Answer individually, after 5 minutes you will compare with a partner.

17. Mineral Formation Answer the following questions: 1. Name the first four major groups of minerals, and give at least two examples of minerals in each group. 2. Compare and contrast oxides and silicates. Only OxidesWhat they have in Common Only Silicates