2. Infinitives 不定式是动词的一种非限定形式, 由 “ to+ 动词 ” 构成, 没有人称和数的变化, 在 句中不能独立作谓语. 但不定式具有名词、 形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语 （ S ）、表语（ P ）、宾语（ O ）、宾语补 足语（ Oc ）、定语（ A ）、状语（ Ad ）等。

3. Mark the usages of the infinitives. 1. So it is difficult to know what the future will be like 2. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up. 3. They don’t know how to make me well. 4. My disability has helped me to grow stronger and more independent. 5. Some days I was too tired to get out of bed. 6. I am the only student to have a pet snake. 主语 (S) 表语 (P) 宾语 (O) 宾语补足语 (Oc) 结果状语 (Ad) 定语 (A)

4. First, underline all the sentences in the previous sections which contain infinitives. Then mark their usages according to Ex.1 (P5).

5. Group work – make a list 主语 (S) 1. To look after my pets properly takes a lot of time. 2. It is difficult to know what the future holds?

6. 表语 (P) 1. Her ambition is to become part of the national team for the next Paralympic Games. 2. Now his ambition is to become an actor. 3. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.

7. 宾语 (O) 1. He hopes to become a teacher. 2. unfortunately, the doctors don’t knoe how to make me better. 3. I have learned to adapt to my disability. 4. Then I started to get weaker and weaker. 5. Last year I invented a computer football game and a big company has decided to buy it from me.

8. 宾补 (Oc) In many ways my disability has helped me grow stronger psychologically and become more independent.

9. 定语 (A) 1. I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 2. If I had a chance to say one thing to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying. 3. Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.

10. 状语 (Ad) 1.What kind of things does Marty do in order to make his life happy and satisfying? 2. He used dictation to give his answers into a special machine. 3. What have they done to try to overcome these difficulties? 4. I have to work hard to live a normal life but it has been worth it. 5. I was too weak to go to school. 6. I am happy to have found many things I can do, like writing and computer programming.

11. Ex.2 P.5 ★ to have kept you waiting ★ I seem to have forgotten so many things… ★ I was supposed to have finished all my shopping… ★ Nobody is said to have finished till there is no more left to buy!

12. 不定式的语法形式： 主动式 被动式 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式 to do to be done to have done to have been done to be doing to have been doing

13. 不定式的时态： （ 1 ）一般时表示的动作 (to do) ，有时与谓语动词 表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词表示的 动作之后。 He ______________ this. 他似乎知道这事。 I ____________ you again. 我希望再见到你。 （ 2 ）完成时 (to have done) 表示的动作发生在谓 语动词表示的动作之前。 很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。 I’m sorry ____________ you so much trouble. seems to know hope to see to have given

14. 不定式的否定结构： 不定式的否定结构多由： “not + 不定式 ” 构成， 否定副词 not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于 to 前。 请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍. Please tell your child ______ play in the street. 为了不犯错误她检查了名字. She checked the names __________ make mistakes. not to so as not to

15. Ex.3 P.5 have spent to free to see to treat able to help to abolish

16. Ex. 3 is known to have spent To free to see was able to treat so able to help pass was eventually to abolish 1. go hungry 2. in pain 3. do some good in the world 4. cause 5. the abolition of the slave trade 6. master servant 7. by law 8. treat sb. as he wishes 9. work them to death 10. in politics 11. pass the law 12. illegal 13. resign from government

17. Exercise (Page49) 1.to tell, spending 2.to make, pressing 3.crying, to ask, to light 4.to get, sailing

18. 3 1. regret to tell regret spending 2. remember to make remember pressing 3. stop crying stop to ask stop to light 4. try to get try sailing appropriate was wet through for the first time the back exit lead straight to make the doors open outwards it’s off now tank a bowling competition basement