1. Monitoring Remote Volcanoes By Deformation

10. 1992-1999 Courtesy of Amelung, Jonsson, Zebker, and Segall (Nature, 2000)

14. Causes of Deflation Submarine eruption –Should cause deformation signal Lateral intrusion –Should cause deformation signal Vesicle segregation –Should cause densification = gravity signal Drainback

16. Continuous Network

18. Deflation Accelerating Inflation October 20, 2005 Eruption Decelerating Inflation Cerro Azul Transient October 20, 2005 Eruption April 16, 2005 Trap Door Fault

20. Accelerating Inflation

22. Trapdoor Fault

23. GV06

27. October 23, 2005

28. Eruption

34. Continuous Network 2005 Lava

35. Decelerating Recovery

36. Before After Upper balloon will inflate at decelerating rates Q =  r  P 4 8L8L Poiselle Flow

38. Cerro Azul Transient

40. Cerro Azul Event Eruption End Eruption Start

41. 2009 Model +40.1 cm/y

42. Inflation Deflation Eruption

44. Conclusions Intrusion is forming by unsteady but continual supply of magma. Feedback between faulting of the roof, eruption, and resupply. Feedback between pressure, volume, and degassing. Dikes do not form along faults!

46. Fernandina Sierra Negra Extremely remote: Largest wilderness tropical island in the world Inhabited and developed

55. Green = Observed Red = Inflation by InSAR Blue = Coeruption 2002-2006 GPS

58. Questions What causes the fluctuation in magma supply? Why do dikes form on the hinge, not the fault? What controls faulting vs. eruption? Why didn’t faulting relieve pressure? How does the feedback between pressure, volatiles, and deformation work?