1. Pirchy Dayan

2. Rules When we use passive, we focus on the action itself and not on the doer of the action. In some cases the doer isn’t mentioned in passive sentences. In active sentences, the subject is the doer of the action. In passive sentences the subject is the receiver of the action. The verb changes  Be +V3

3. Present Simple – is/am/are +V3 People eat pizza in Italy. Subject verb object doer action receiver Pizza is eaten in Italy. Subject verb receiver passive action

5. Past Simple – was/were +V3 Dan broke the window yesterday. Subject verb object doer action receiver The window was broken by Dan yesterday Subject verb object receiver passive action doer

7. Future Simple – will be +V3 I will finish the project next week. Subject verb object doer action receiver The project will be finished (by me) next week. Subject verb object receiver passive action doer

8. Modals: can, could, may, might, must, should, be able to, have to + be + V3 He must finish the work now. Subject verb object doer action receiver The work must be finished now. Subject verb receiver passive action

9. Be going to – am/is/are + going to be +V3 We are going to bake the birthday cake soon. Subject verb object doer action receiver The birthday cake is going to be baked soon. Subject verb receiver passive action

10. Present Progressive – is/am/are +being +V3 He is reading the book now. Subject verb object doer action receiver The book is being read (by him) now. Subject verb object receiver passive action doer

11. Past Progressive – was/were + being +V3 Sharon was cleaning the house yesterday at 8 o’clock. Subject verb object doer action receiver The house was being cleaned by Sharon yesterday at 8 o’clock. Subject verb object receiver passive action doer

12. Present Perfect – has/have +V3 He has already done his homework. Subject verb object doer action receiver His homework has already been done (by him). Subject verb object receiver passive action doer

13. Past Perfect – had +V3 He had painted this house before. Subject verb object doer action receiver This house had been painted before. Subject verb receiver passive action