2. Adenosine Triphosphate Energy from photosynthesis or cellular respiration

3. Windmills Harnessing the Flow of Air

4. Sawmills Harnessing the Flow of Water

5. Chemiosmosis H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ ADPP ATP ADPP ATP ATP Synthase

6. Chemiosmosis Harnessing the flow of protons to make ATP H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ ATP Synthase Needs: Proton (H + ) gradient ATP synthase ADP and P H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+

7. Electron Transport Chain Using E from electrons to build a proton gradient Electrons release E as they move down the ETC ETC pumps protons across membrane H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ ADPP ATP H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ H+H+H+H+ e-e-e-e-

8. Review Questions 1. How can a cell put together ADP and another phosphate to form ATP? 2. How can a cell build up a proton gradient (a difference in concentrations of protons across a membrane)? 3. How can a cell energize electrons? 4. What problem(s) might arise if the membrane used is the cell membrane?