1. Review for the Physical Science Final By Samantha Pereira

2. Chapter 11- Introduction to Atoms By Samantha Pereira

3. Chapter Summary This chapter tells you more about atoms, the development of the atomic theory. This chapter tells you more about atoms, the development of the atomic theory.

4. Lesson 1- Development of the Atomic Theory

5. Lesson 1 Vocabulary Atom- the smallest unit of an element Atom- the smallest unit of an element Electron- a subatomic particle that has a negative charge Electron- a subatomic particle that has a negative charge Nucleus- an atom’s central region Nucleus- an atom’s central region Electron Cloud- region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found Electron Cloud- region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found

6. Lesson Summary Democritus thought that is composed of atoms. Democritus thought that is composed of atoms. Dalton based his theory on observations of how elements combine. Dalton based his theory on observations of how elements combine. Thomson discovered electrons in atoms. Thomson discovered electrons in atoms.

7. Lesson 2- The Atom

8. Lesson 2 Vocabulary Proton- a subatomic particle that has a positive charge Proton- a subatomic particle that has a positive charge Atomic Mass Unit- a unit of mass that describes the mass of an atom or molecule Atomic Mass Unit- a unit of mass that describes the mass of an atom or molecule Neutron- a subatomic particle that has no charge Neutron- a subatomic particle that has no charge Atomic Number-the number if the protons in the nucleus of an atom Atomic Number-the number if the protons in the nucleus of an atom Isotope- an atom that has the same number of protons as other atoms of the same element Isotope- an atom that has the same number of protons as other atoms of the same element Mass Number- the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom Mass Number- the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

9. Lesson Summary Atoms are extremely small. Ordinary-sized objects are made up of very large numbers of atoms. Atoms are extremely small. Ordinary-sized objects are made up of very large numbers of atoms. The mass number of an atom is the sum of the atom’s neutrons and protons. The mass number of an atom is the sum of the atom’s neutrons and protons.

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11. Chapter 12- The Periodic Table By Samantha Pereira

12. Chapter Summary This chapter will teach you about the periodic table and how to arrange and group the elements on the periodic table. This chapter will teach you about the periodic table and how to arrange and group the elements on the periodic table.

13. Lesson 1- Arranging the Elements

14. Lesson 1 Vocabulary Periodic- something that occurs at regular intervals Periodic- something that occurs at regular intervals Periodic Law- the law that states that the repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic numbers of the elements Periodic Law- the law that states that the repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic numbers of the elements Period- a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table Period- a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table Group- a vertical column of elements in the periodic table Group- a vertical column of elements in the periodic table

15. Lesson Summary Mendeleev developed the first periodic table by listing the elements in order of increasing atomic mass. Mendeleev developed the first periodic table by listing the elements in order of increasing atomic mass. Properties of elements repeat in a regular, or periodic, pattern. Properties of elements repeat in a regular, or periodic, pattern.

16. Lesson 2- Grouping the Elements

17. Lesson 2 Vocabulary Alkali Metal- one of the elements of Group 1 Alkali Metal- one of the elements of Group 1 Alkaline-Earth Metal- one of the elements of Group 2 Alkaline-Earth Metal- one of the elements of Group 2 Halogen- one of the elements of Group 17 Halogen- one of the elements of Group 17 Noble Gas- one of the elements of Group 18 Noble Gas- one of the elements of Group 18

18. Lesson Summary Alkali metals are the most reactive metals. Atoms of the alkali metals have one electron in their outer level. Alkali metals are the most reactive metals. Atoms of the alkali metals have one electron in their outer level. Groups 13-16 contain the metalloids and some metals and nonmetals. Groups 13-16 contain the metalloids and some metals and nonmetals.

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20. Chapter 13- Chemical Bonding By Samantha Pereira

21. Chapter Summary This chapter will tell you more about the three kinds of chemical bonds. You will also learn about how bonds are formed. This chapter will tell you more about the three kinds of chemical bonds. You will also learn about how bonds are formed.

22. Section 1- Electrons and Chemical Bonding

23. Lesson 1 Vocabulary Chemical Bonding- the combining of atoms to form molecules or ionic compounds Chemical Bonding- the combining of atoms to form molecules or ionic compounds Chemical Bond- an interaction that holds atoms or ions together Chemical Bond- an interaction that holds atoms or ions together Valence Electron- an electron that is found in the outermost shell of an atom and determines its properties Valence Electron- an electron that is found in the outermost shell of an atom and determines its properties

24. Lesson Summary Chemical bonding is the joining of atoms to form new substances. A chemical bond is an interaction that holds two atoms together Chemical bonding is the joining of atoms to form new substances. A chemical bond is an interaction that holds two atoms together A valence electron is an electron in the outermost energy level of an atom. A valence electron is an electron in the outermost energy level of an atom.

25. Lesson 2- Ionic Bonds

26. Lesson 2 Vocabulary Ionic Bond- a bond that forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom Ionic Bond- a bond that forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom Ion- a charged particle that formms when an atom or group of atoms gains or loses one or more electrons Ion- a charged particle that formms when an atom or group of atoms gains or loses one or more electrons Crystal Lattice- the regular pattern in which a crystal is arranged Crystal Lattice- the regular pattern in which a crystal is arranged

27. Lesson Summary An ionic bond is a bond that forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another. An ionic bond is a bond that forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another. During chemical bonding, the atoms become oppositely charged particles. During chemical bonding, the atoms become oppositely charged particles.

28. Lesson 3- Covalent and Metallic Bonds

29. Lesson 3 Vocabulary Covalent Bond- a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons Covalent Bond- a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons Molecule- the smallest unit of a substance that keeps all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance Molecule- the smallest unit of a substance that keeps all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance Metallic Bond-a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them Metallic Bond-a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them

30. Lesson Summary In covalent bonding, two atoms share electrons. In covalent bonding, two atoms share electrons. A covalent forms when atoms share one or more pairs of electron. A covalent forms when atoms share one or more pairs of electron. Covalently bonded atoms form a particle called a molecule. Covalently bonded atoms form a particle called a molecule.

31. Sources www.ask.com/images www.ask.com/images www.ask.com/images Science textbook Science textbook

32. Sources Chapter 11 Powerpoint Chapter 11 Powerpoint Chapter 12 Powerpoint Chapter 12 Powerpoint Chapter 13 Powerpoint Chapter 13 Powerpoint Science textbook Science textbook www.ask.com/images www.ask.com/images www.ask.com/images