1. Transport Energy Demand Strategic Carbon Management MBA Norwich Business School University of East Anglia March 2010

2. Energy consumption by final user CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY

3. Inland deliveries of transport fuels 1970 to 2008 CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY

4. Personal Travel – Key figures Cars account for nearly two thirds of all road transport energy consumptionCar use per person increased by 91 % between 1970 and 1990Number of cars UK in 2008 – 30m.Distance travelled by car in 2007 – 15670 km / year Consumption 1304 PJ - 2007 / Stable level due to fuel efficiency (e.g. 97b. Km 2007 more than in 1990 consuming just 0.014 Pt more energy) CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY

5. Influence factors - Energy consumption for personal travel CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY Increase in number of cars - 10% every 5 years Decrease in distance travelled/vehicle - 1% per year Increase of fuel efficiency – 1% Projection of increase between 2010 and 2030 by 1815 PJ

6. Electric cars Current situation Less than 0.1 % of the UK’s cars are electric EU and UK have developed policies to promote electric cars Electric vehicles have had several false starts. Concerns Lack of capacity to generate electricity from renewable sources Safety issues Battery range Predictions Energy issues and the need to cut greenhouse gas emissions will increase demand Problematic preparation the electric grid to cope with an upsurge in the number of electric cars CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY

7. Freight transport– Key figures Freight transport accounts for around 36 % of the total road transport 46 % increase between 1980 and 2007, from 175 to 255 billion tonne km Energy consumption in 2007 - 681 PJIncrease average length of haul by 29 % since 1980 to 87 km. in 2008Decrease in moved goods by 6 % between 2007 and 2008 CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY

8. Influence factors - Energy consumption for freight transport Slightly decrease in moved goods for 2011 and progressive increase alongside with the population growth – 2 % Increase of fuel efficiency -1 % Slightly increase and stabilisation in haul CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY Projection of increase between 2010 and 2030 by 784 PJ

9. Key figures – Domestic Aviation 23m. Passengers – 2008 (1998 – 17 m.) 9b. Km. flied – 2008 Domestic flight passenger numbers have fallen over the last two years Consumption in 2008 – 508 PJ CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY

10. Influence factors - Energy consumption domestic aviation Increase 10% number of passengers 1.2 % Annual increase of fuel efficiency Number of km. / passenger (430 km. remains stable) CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY Projection of increase between 2010 and 2030 by 841 PJ

11. Projections Energy Consumption Transport CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY YearAviationPersonal TravelFreight Transport 2010574 PJ 1290 PJ678 PJ 2015632 PJ 1405 PJ682 PJ 2020695 PJ 1530 PJ701J 2025764 PJ 1667 PJ734J 2030841 PJ 1815 PJ784 PJ

12. Predictions 2010-2030 CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY