1. Key terms: Hospitium: billeting on local population procurator Augusti : regional official in charge of supply a rationbus: official in Rome in charge of supply centurio frumentarius: centurion in charge of supply (2 nd in legion) Canabae –legionary fort towns Vici – auxiliary fort towns Sarcina "One need not fear a soldier, if he is properly clothed, fully armed, has a strong pair of boots, a full belly, and something in his money-belt." Severus Alexander (Historia Augusta 52; reigned 222-235 CE)

3. “This is a very good book on an important topic” - A reviewer

4. How long is a legion on the march?

5. Figures 1 and 2 show ancient harness types

6. Sarcinae on Trajan’s Column

7. Detail of Sarcinae: note the lack of the shield

9. Sulla’s siege of Athens (87-86 BCE)

10. Supplying the Roman army in 193 CE 480,000 (soldiers, sailors and others) -423 metric tons of grain, 298 tons of supplementary foods per day -154,395 tons of grain, 108,770 tons of supplementary per year -Per week week 5000 men consume the wheat of about 70 acres/28 hectares. Plus - 670 tons of barley and 1,100 tons of hay for c. 110,000 horses and c. 60,000 mules per day - 244,550 tons barley and 401,500 tons hay her year - 35,000 horses and 35,000 of pack animals have to be replaced each year -hundreds of thousands of pila to be replaced -hundreds of thousands of tons of wood needed -tens of thousands of tons of leather needed. And everything else: wine, paper, whatever elephants eat…

11. One of the Roman store bases near the Rhine

12. Vindolanda

13. Vindolanda reconstruction showing vicus