2. USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900Industrialization Reconstruction & Rise of Jim Crow Ranching, Mining, Farming

3. USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900 The South The South: After the failure of Reconstruction in 1877, the South entered the Jim Crow era

4. Sharecropping & Segregation

5. USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900 The West The West: Farmers, ranchers, & miners closed the last of the frontier at the expense of Indians

6. Mining was the 1 st attraction to the West; Miners created “instant towns” in areas where gold or silver was discovered

7. Cattle Ranchers on the “Open Range”

8. The Farming Bonanza Homestead Act  In 1862, the U.S. government began the Homestead Act which encouraged farmers to settle in the West by offering 160 acres of land to families who promised to live there for 5 years A pioneer sod house

9. Home on the Range  Families, not individuals, settled west for the most part  couples had many kids - needed them as labor  fathers did heaviest work: sodbusting, construction, mining, etc.  mothers did housework, cared for livestock, gardened & earned extra cash by washing, cooking & sewing for single men  kids helped out by hunting, weeding, herding, cooking & caring for younger siblings  related families frequently settled together, which especially helped women

10. transcontinental 1 st transcontinental railroad connected the west coast to eastern cities in 1869 Chinese workers made up a large percentage of laborers on the western leg Irish workers made up a large percentage of laborers on the eastern section

12. Populists  Populists were westerners who wanted  “Free silver” (Bi-metalism)  Regulation of railroads  Income tax  Direction election of senators

13. Native Americans in the West: Native Americans in the West: Major Battles & Reservations Little Big HornLittle Big Horn—Sioux surrounded & killed US Army division led by Custer Wounded KneeWounded Knee—Indians were killed to stop performance of Ghost Dance ritual

14. The Original Native Americans reservations Indian tribes retained only a few reservations set aside by the U.S. government

15. USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900 The North The North: Experienced an industrial revolution, mass immigration, & urbanization

16. America became the world’s leader in railroad, steel, & oil production

17. “Big Business”  Monopoliestrusts  Monopolies (trusts): Companies that controlled the majority of one industry:  Rockefeller’s Standard Oil  Carnegie’s U.S. Steel  Vanderbilt’s railroads

21. Robber Barons or Captains of Industry?

22. “New Immigration” & Urbanization

24. Ellis Island was the primary receiving port for _________ immigrants. Asian immigrants were primarily processed at ______ Island in the San Francisco Bay. European Angel

25. Working & Living Conditions

27. The Thirteenth Amendment ended 1. slavery 2. Black codes 3. the Civil War 4. Jim Crow Laws 10

28. The court case that established the "separate but equal" doctrine was 1. Marbury vs. Madison. 2. Dred Scott vs. Sanford. 3. Miranda vs. Arizona. 4. Plessy vs. Ferguson. 10

29. This labor union (created by Samuel Gompers) was open only to skilled, white male workers 1. American Federation of Labor. 2. Knights of Labor. 3. Wobblies. 4. National Workers Association. 10

30. Poor, run-down urban apartments were also called: 1. slums 2. tenements 3. suburbs 4. skyscrapers 10

31. Outlawing the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance in 1890 resulted in the 1. Battle of Little Big Horn 2. Battle of Potowanamie Creek 3. Massacre at Sand Creek. 4. Battle of Wounded Knee. 10

32. The two factors that did most to encourage western settlement after the Civil War were 1. the gold rush & cattle economy 2. the Homestead Act & the railroad 3. removal of the buffalo & Native Americans from the plains 4. the removal of the Indians & the gold rush 10

33. Which best explains why Standard Oil was so successful 1. interlocking directorate 2. buying stocks “on the margin” 3. labor unions 4. horizontal integration 10

34. Which population trend occurred in the U.S. from 1860 to 1920? 1. fewer Eastern & Southern European immigrants coming to America 2. the growth of the suburbs 3. people moved from the North to the South 4. growth in American cities 10

35. The size and power of John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company caused which of the following? 0 5 1. The government created anti-trust laws. 2. The public accepted the benefits of monopolies. 3. Many other businessmen entered the oil business. 4. Many wealthy people chose to give away millions of dollars. 10

36. Which of the following contributed MOST to the forced removal of Native Americans from the Great Plains from 1867 to 1890? 0 5 1. the desire to establish military posts 2. the building of new canals 3. the westward shift of the frontier 4. the desire for more land to grow cotton 10

38. According to the pie charts on the previous slide, how did immigration to the United States change between 1854 and 1907? 1. The percentage of immigrants coming from Germany and Britain gradually increased. 2. By 1907, Russia replaced Britain as the source of the greatest number of immigrants. 3. The total number of immigrants coming to the United States declined. 4. The percentage of immigrants coming from southern and eastern Europe increased dramatically. 0 5 10