1. Network protocles (TCP), (UDP), (DHCP), (DNS) DR:abd alrauoof alshtawi

2. IPv4:
IPv4 address is a 32-bit address that uniquely and universally defines the connection of a device
IPv4 address is 32 bits long.
The IPv4 addresses are unique and universal. 
The address space of IPv4 is or 4,294,967,296
IPv6 address is 128 bits long

3. Position of IPv4 in TCP/IP protocol suite

4. : Abbreviated IPv6 addresses
IPv6 address is 128 bits long:

6. IP Address Classes Default subnet mask End Start Class Class A Class B
Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
Class E

8. Transport Layer
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol; it creates a virtual connection between two TCPs to send data. In addition, TCP uses flow and error control mechanisms at the transport level.

9. Transport Layer
The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is called a connectionless, unreliable transport protocol. It does not add anything to the services of IP except to provide process-to-process communication instead of host-to-host communication.
UDP runs on top of IP networks. Unlike TCP/IP, UDP/IP provides very few error recovery services, offering instead a direct way to send and receive datagrams over an IP network. It's used primarily for broadcasting messages over a network

10. TCP vs UDP

11. DHCP
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a standardized network protocol  used on internet protocol  (IP) networks for dynamically distributing network configuration parameters, such as ip addresses  for interfaces and services
Why use DHCP?
Every device on a TCP/IP-based network must have a unique unicast IP address to access the network and its resources. Without DHCP, IP addresses for new computers or computers that are moved from one subnet to another must be configured manually; IP addresses for computers that are removed from the network must be manually reclaimed

12. Domain Name System (DNS)
The Domain Name System is a distributed database with hierarchal structure and serve the basis for name resolution process in TCP/IP network
(DNS) converts the name of a Web site ( to an IP address ( ) and vice-versa.
This IP is the IP address of a Web site's server, not the Web site's name, and is used in routing traffic over the Internet.

13. :Students name ))Loai abdulhamid Ala’a bakhet al-Abadi ( ) Haytham khaled al-Hamayel ( )