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Published byKelvin Brine Modified over 3 years ago
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Introduction to TCP/IP TCP / IP –including 2 protocols Protocol : = a set of rules that govern the communication between different devices Protocol : = a set of rules that govern the communication between different devices –TCP Transmission Control Protocol –IP Internet Protocol Communication protocol for network
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TCP –responsible for dividing the message into packets verifying the correct delivery of packets from node to node –if unsuccessful >>> re-send / retransmission –until correctly and completely received –provide reliability
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IP –responsible for routing the packets from node to node reassembling the packets back into the message
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TTL –Time to live packet sending > with header and data –header : contain information of destination address and some control fields one of the control fields is TTL –TTL : initialised by the sender to a particular value (e.g. 64) –the number decreased by 1 when the packet passes through 1 router –if TTL reach 0, the packet discard and sender re- send –safety mechanism - prevent packets from travelling forever
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TCP / IP – = 2 protocol ? –No !!! TCP / IP is a suit of protocols –FTP / SMTP / SNMP / Telnet / TCP / UDP / IP / PPP / SLIP …. Etc –each protocol with particular feature
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IP Address –= internet protocol address –identify every computer in any network –must be unique within a network –32 bits binary number (IPv4) –Written as four 8-bit numbers 11011010. 10111100.00000011.00000101 –Expressed in decimal form (each part range from 0- 255) 218.188.3.5
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Each IP address has 2 parts –network address To identify a network in a larger network (Internet) –host address identify a particular device in the network that is : its unique address in the network 218.188.3.4 –Using Subnet mask to identify the network and host address
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Subnet Mask –Class A : 255.0.0.0 IP : 218.188.3.5 SM : 255.0.0.0 Network : 218.0.0.0 Host : 188.3.5 254 networks = ( 256 – 2 ) 16777214 hosts = ( 256 * 256 * 256 – 2 )
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Subnet Mask –Class B : 255.255.0.0 IP : 218.188.3.5 SM : 255.255.0.0 Network : 218.188.0.0 Host : 3.5 65534 networks = ( 256 * 256 – 2 ) 65534 hosts = ( 256 * 256 – 2 )
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Subnet Mask –Class C : 255.255.255.0 IP : 218.188.3.5 SM : 255.255.255.0 Network : 218.188.3.0 Host : 5 16777214 networks = ( 256 * 256 * 256 – 2 ) 254 hosts = ( 256 – 2 )
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For a LAN –the IP assignment is controlled by the administrator may be DHCP (dynamic) or static / fixed IP For the network “INTERNET” –The IP assignment is issued by InterNIC Internet Network Information Centre –also responsible for the registering and maintaining the.com,.net (Top-Level Domain names) of the WWW
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