1. Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 4 Prefixes

2. Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2 Learning Objectives Identify and define common prefixes used in medical terms. Analyze, spell, and pronounce medical terms that contain prefixes.

3. Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 3 Chapter 4 Lesson 4.1

4. Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4 Review Combining Forms Combining Forms carp/o hemat/o son/o top/o Meaning wrist bones blood sound place, position, location

5. Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 5 Review Combining Forms and Suffixes Suffix -ation -emia -oma -pnea Meaning process, condition blood condition tumor, mass breathing

6. Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 6 Basic Prefixes Meaning no, not, without up, apart slow with, together through, complete Prefix a-, an- ana- brady- con- dia- Example apnea analysis bradycardia congenital diarrhea

7. Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 7 Basic Prefixes (cont’d.) Meaning bad, painful, difficult out, away from new back, again Prefix dys- ex- neo- re- Example dysplasia excision neonatal relapse

8. Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 8 Additional Medical Terms Adrenal Glands: endocrine glands located above each kidney Antibiotic: destroys or inhibits the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria Antigen: foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses

9. Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 9 Additional Medical Terms (cont’d.) Tachycardia: Condition of fast heartbeat Bradycardia: Slow heartbeat Congenital Anomaly: An irregularity in a structure or organ that an infant is born with Dialysis: Removing harmful waste products from the body with an artificial kidney machine (dialysis machine)

10. Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 Additional Medical Terms (cont’d.) Ectopic Pregnancy: An abnormal pregnancy when the embryo implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes, but sometimes on an ovary or in the abdominal cavity Parathyroid Glands: Four endocrine glands located on the dorsal side of the thyroid gland that function separately from the thyroid gland Prolapse: To fall or slide forward, often used to describe an organ, such as a prolapsed uterus

11. Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Additional Medical Terms (cont’d.) Retroperitoneal: Pertaining to behind the Peritoneum. The kidneys and adrenal glands are retroperitoneal organs. Syndrome: A group of signs or symptoms that commonly occur together and indicate a particular disease or abnormal condition Subcutaneous: Lower layer of the skin composed of fatty tissue

12. Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 12 Additional Medical Terms (cont’d.) Tachycardia: Condition of fast, rapid heart beat Transurethral: When an instrument passes through the urethra Ultrasonography: A diagnostic technique using ultrasound waves to produce an image or photograph of an organ or tissue

13. Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 13 Pronunciation of Terms Term antepartum bradycardia endoscopy hemiplegia metastasis Pronunciation AN-te-PAR-tum bra-de-KAR-de-ah en-DOS-ko-pe heh-me-PLE-jah meh-TAS-tah-sis

14. Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 14 Pronunciation of Terms (cont’d.) Term periosteum retroperitoneal tachycardia unilateral Pronunciation per-e-OS-te-um reh-tro-peri-ih-to-NE-al tak-eh-KAR-de-ah u-nih-LAT-er-al