1. Zionism, The Birth of Israel, and the Palestinian Predicament

2.  The Zionist movement  The British mandate period  Birth of the Israeli state and the Palestinian catastrophe (al-Nakba) Later  Post-WWII conflicts  Peace Process

3.  The emergence of political Zionism:  Jews before emancipation  Emancipation’s mixed record and the Haskalah Movement and integration attempts  Jewish Political Movements ▪ Zionism, Socialism, Folkism, Territorialism  Zionism & Development of Nationalist Ideology  Adoption of a nationalist ideology ▪ Leo Pinsker’s Autoemancipation (1882) ▪ Eliezer ben-Yehuda’s re-creation of Hebrew in 1880s ▪ Theodor Herzl’s The Jewish State (1896) ▪ First Zionist Congress in Basel (1897)…Palestine ▪ Division of labor: Western European Ideologues & Eastern European migrants  Imagining Palestine as an empty land  The Balfour declaration (1917)

4.  1917-20: British military rule  1920-48: Mandate  1920 Appointment of Sir Herbert Samuel as Civilian High commissioner  Conflicting “White Papers” Samuel’s 1922 White Paper and Balfour Declaration  Divided Arab leadership, strongest component under Mufti Amin al-Husayni.  Husayni-Nashashibi rivalry  Incoming Jews formed the Jewish Agency to run the Yishuv—a parallel government ▪ Histadrut: ▪ most powerful institutions in Yishuv ▪ mainstay of the Labour Zionist movement ▪ Aside from being a trade union, its state-building role made it the owner of a number of businesses and factories and, and was argest employer in the country ▪ Also controlled Jewish Defense Force -- Haganah

5.  David Ben-Gurion was a kibbutznik who became General Secretariat in the of the Histadrut.  Kibbutzim (collective community based on traditional agriculture).  Transformed Histadrut into an institution to help realize the goals of Zionism  Immigration was key to Ben-Gurion & used Histadrut to facilitate this  Jabotinski’s Revisionist Zionism: “Historical” Israel (Judea and Sumeria)  Settlement efforts: Jewish National Fund  1936 & 1937-9 Arab rebellions  External effects on Jewish emigration (Hitler & Nazism)  US post-WWII support for a Jewish state  The Jewish insurgency: Haganah guerilla fighting & Irgun terror  Haganah defeat of Arab military resistance  British withdraw, Ben Gurion declares new state on May 14, 1948  Arab-Israeli war of 1948: Israel holds territory and creation of Armistice Line

6.  Haganah expulsion of Palestinians and Palestinian flight  The Nakba (‘Catastrophe’)  The refugee situation  Arab Israelis  Palestinians in the West Bank & Gaza— creeping colonization  Palestinians in Lebanon, Jordan & Syria  Nationality Law versus Right of Return