1. Slide 1 of 33 International System of Units 3.2

2. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 33 3.2 The International System of Units In the signs shown here, the distances are listed as numbers with no units attached. Without the units, it is impossible to communicate the measurement to others. When you make a measurement, you must assign the correct units to the numerical value.

3. Slide 3 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Measuring with SI Units The standards of measurement used in science are those of the metric system. The International System of Units (abbreviated SI, after the French name, Le Système International d’Unités) is a revised version of the metric system.

4. Slide 4 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > Measuring with SI Units Which five SI base units do chemists commonly use? 3.2

5. Slide 5 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Measuring with SI Units The five SI base units commonly used by chemists are the meter, the kilogram, the kelvin, the second, and the mole.

6. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 6 of 33 The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities What metric units are commonly used to measure length, volume, mass, temperature and energy?

7. Slide 7 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities Units of Length In SI, the basic unit of length, or linear measure, is the meter (m). For very large or and very small lengths, it may be more convenient to use a unit of length that has a prefix.

8. Slide 8 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities Common metric units of length include the centimeter, meter, and kilometer.

9. Slide 9 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities Units of Volume The SI unit of volume is the amount of space occupied by a cube that is 1 m along each edge. This volume is the cubic meter (m) 3. A more convenient unit of volume for everyday use is the liter, a non-SI unit. A liter (L) is the volume of a cube that is 10 centimeters (10 cm) along each edge (10 cm  10 cm  10 cm = 1000 cm 3 = 1 L).

10. Slide 10 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities Common metric units of volume include the liter, milliliter, cubic centimeter, and microliter.

11. Slide 11 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities The volume of 20 drops of liquid from a medicine dropper is approximately 1 mL.

12. Slide 12 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities A sugar cube has a volume of 1 cm 3. 1 mL is the same as 1 cm 3.

13. Slide 13 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities A gallon of milk has about twice the volume of a 2-L bottle of soda.

14. Slide 14 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities Units of Mass The mass of an object is measured in comparison to a standard mass of 1 kilogram (kg), which is the basic SI unit of mass. A gram (g) is 1/1000 of a kilogram; the mass of 1 cm 3 of water at 4°C is 1 g.

15. Slide 15 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities Common metric units of mass include kilogram, gram, milligram, and microgram.

16. Slide 16 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities Weight is a force that measures the pull on a given mass by gravity. The astronaut shown on the surface of the moon weighs one sixth of what he weighs on Earth.

17. Slide 17 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities Units of Temperature Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object is. Thermometers are used to measure temperature.

18. Slide 18 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities Scientists commonly use two equivalent units of temperature, the degree Celsius and the kelvin.

19. Slide 19 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities On the Celsius scale, the freezing point of water is 0°C and the boiling point is 100°C. On the Kelvin scale, the freezing point of water is 273.15 kelvins (K), and the boiling point is 373.15 K. The zero point on the Kelvin scale, 0 K, or absolute zero, is equal to  273.15 °C.

20. Slide 20 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities Because one degree on the Celsius scale is equivalent to one kelvin on the Kelvin scale, converting from one temperature to another is easy. You simply add or subtract 273.15, as shown in the following equations. K = o C + 273.15 o C = K – 273.15

21. Slide 21 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities Conversions Between the Celsius and Kelvin Scales

22. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall SAMPLE PROBLEM Slide 22 of 33 3.4

23. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall SAMPLE PROBLEM Slide 23 of 33 3.4

24. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall SAMPLE PROBLEM Slide 24 of 33 3.4

25. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall SAMPLE PROBLEM Slide 25 of 33 3.4

26. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 26 of 33 Practice Problems Problem Solving 3.17 Solve Problem 17 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial. for Sample Problem 3.4

27. Slide 27 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities Units of Energy Energy is the capacity to do work or to produce heat. The joule and the calorie are common units of energy.

28. Slide 28 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities The joule (J) is the SI unit of energy. One calorie (cal) is the quantity of heat that raises the temperature of 1 g of pure water by 1°C. Note calorie is with a small c which is not the same as a food Calorie which has a large C.

29. Slide 29 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities This house is equipped with solar panels. The solar panels convert the radiant energy from the sun into electrical energy that can be used to heat water and power appliances.