2. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Power Point Presentations for Each Chapter of SuperVision and Instructional Leadership: A Developmental Approach Carl D. Glickman Stephen P. Gordon Jovita M. Ross-Gordon This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

3. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Chapter 14 Observing Skills This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

4. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Observation is a two-part process—first describing what has been seen, and then interpreting what it means. The supervisor first can describe what took place in the teacher’s lesson by sharing nonjudgmental observation data, then the supervisor and teacher can jointly interpret the data. Observation as a Process

5. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Formative observation instruments are not summative evaluation instruments

6. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Quantitative Observation Categorical Frequency Instruments Performance Indicator Instruments Visual Diagramming

7. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Qualitative Observations Verbatim and Selected Verbatim Detached Open-Ended Narrative Participant Open-Ended Observation Focused Questionnaire Observation Educational Criticism

8. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Tailored Observation Systems If no observation system exists that is capable of gathering the desired data, the supervisor can design a tailored observation system. Tailored observation systems can be quantitative, qualitative, or a combination of both.

9. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Tailored Question-Response Instrument

10. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Tailored Behavior-Response Observation

11. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Cautions Concerning Observations Observations are affected by: –Our personal experiences and values –Our presence in the classroom during the observation –The observation instrument we use –Our skill at recording data Interpretation of what the data means is a construction

12. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Practitioner Reflection: Observations How does this principal use observations in her school? How would you like to utilize observations as a supervisor?