1. Bell Ringer: What are the 5 themes of Geography (Briefly explain) and why are they important to the study of history?What are the 5 themes of Geography (Briefly explain) and why are they important to the study of history? Thinking ahead…Thinking ahead… –It is said that ancient civilizations began along side or around river/water basins. List two reasons why you think people need to be near water.

2. Early Humans Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved. Essential Question: What is the impact of geography on the following? Human Settlement and MigrationHuman Settlement and Migration Spread of ideas / Cultural DiffusionSpread of ideas / Cultural Diffusion

3. Australopithecines 1 st to grow the opposable thumb First humanlike creature to walk upright Censored

4. How it all began… Homo Sapiens (modern humans) appeared in Africa 100,000 to 400,000 years ago. From the Rift Valley they migrated to –Europe –Asia –Australia –The Americas

5. Discoveries: Africa and Beyond Mary LeakeyMary Leakey –Archeologist who led an expedition in Tanzania in Africa –1978, discovered Laetoli Footprints made by humanlike beings now called australopithecines, a hominid –Humans and other creatures that walk upright are called hominids LucyLucy –Unusually complete skeleton of female hominid –Discovered by Donald Johanson in 1974 –Named after Beatles song “Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds” –Dated to be 3.5 million years old

6. Lucy Laetoli Footprints

7. How did they find their food? Early human societies met their needs by hunting animals and gathering other foods like edible plants. These hunters and gatherers were also known as nomads.

8. Nomads Nomads: People who depend on wild plants and animals to survive. They followed where the food supply went and gathered seeds and nuts.

9. HUMAN LIFE IS SPLIT IN TO TWO PERIODS!

10. The Agricultural Revolution Paleolithic to Neolithic Era Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.

11. Prehistory Prehistoric or Prehistory – refers to the time before the advancement of writing.

12. Paleolithic Era Paleolithic Era also means Old Stone Age. The Paleolithic or old stone age began 2 million years go.

13. Paleolithic Era Homo Sapiens during this period were: –Nomads –The first to make simple tools and weapons. –Make cave art –Master the use of Fire. –Develop a language –Living in clans

14. Stonehenge Located in EnglandLocated in England Believed to have been built in 2200 BCBelieved to have been built in 2200 BC One of the worlds most famous prehistoric sites!One of the worlds most famous prehistoric sites!

15. Hey… I’ve been there… May 2012

16. Neolithic Era Neolithic Era also means the new stone age. Homo Sapiens during this period: Developed agriculture Domesticated animals Used advanced tools like spears Developed weaving skills

17. The Agricultural Revolution The Neolithic Age is sometimes called the Agricultural Age Nomads turned to Farmers They learned to domesticate (tame) animals They learned to farm their food

18. What did it all lead to? All of these developments led to the rise of settlements and agriculture. This advanced homo sapiens towards civilization.

19. Neolithic Age Archaeological excavation and conservation by an international team started in 1993 under the direction of Dr Ian Hodder of the Çatalhöyük Research Project, Stanford University. Mastered the art of farming, had complex societies & created armies to protect walled cities One early city - Catal Huyuk, located in present day Turkey. They built mud-brick homes. Catal Huyuk means Forked Mound. High point from 6700 to 5700 B.C.

20. Catal Huyuk could have looked similar to this graphic. Lineage Groups or Kinship Units traced descendants through Matrilineal or Patrilineal Residents entered cities with ladders.

21. 3 Early Neolithic Towns Catal Huyuk, Ur, & Jericho

22. Jericho: It is also believed to be the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world. Catal Huyuk Art Forms

23. The Five Characteristics of a Civilization Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.

24. Complex Institutions Institution – a long lasting pattern of organization in a community such as –Government –Religion –Economy

25. Advanced Cities In order to be considered a city it must have: –1. Large population –2. Must be a center of TRADE

26. Record Keeping Must have a developed system of writing so the people can: –Record business –Write a set of laws –Priests can record rituals and dates

27. (Advanced) Technology New tools and techniques that solve problems and make life easier

28. Specialized Workers Specialized means someone has the skills to do a specific kind of work

29. Pneumonic Device C –Complex Institutions (government, religion) A –Advanced Cities R –Record Keeping T –(Advanced) Technology S –Specialized workers

30. Key Terms for Foundations Culture: the way of life of a group of people (society). –i.e. – religion, clothing styles, diet, government –“Blueprint for living” Cultural Diffusion: the exchange of cultural objects and ideas. Sometimes a cultural idea or object is adopted by a different culture. Ethnocentrism: the belief that one culture is superior to another culture. *Not a helpful attitude and can lead to conflict and warfare! Technology: the skills and tools people use to meet their basic needs and wants.

31. MANKIND 1

32. MANKIND Pt 2

33. Pictures Cited Slide 2 - http://cavemanchemistry.com/ch120slides/graphics/cartoon/7.png Slide 3 - http://raconter.net/img/write.jpg Slide 4 - http://www.accd.edu/sac/vat/arthistory/arts1303/Paleohorse3.jpg Slide 5 - http://youth.crosspointelive.org/uploaded_images/bonfire-748725.jpg Slide 6 - http://www.svf.uib.no/sfu/blombos/Artefact_Review1_Images/images/Bigbifacials-&-scrapers.jpg Slide 7 - clipart Slide 8 - http://www.sewerhistory.org/images/w/wam/moh_wam14.jpg

34. Pictures Cited Slide 1 – www.baylor.edu Slide 2 - http://www.classicalvalues.com/NYPair.jpg, www.museumstorecompany.comhttp://www.classicalvalues.com/NYPair.jpg Slide 3 - http://www.geocities.com/latrinchera2000/archivoimagenes/hominizacion/habilis/habilis6.jpg Slide 4 - http://teachersnetwork.org/powertolearn/web/Prehistory%20Web%20Quest/images/Homo_Erectus.gif Slide 5 - www.ugopozzati.it/images/Speranza-Neanderthal.jpg Slide 6 - http://www.astrosurf.com/luxorion/Bio/cro-magnon-caverne.jpg Slide 7 - http://www.izea.net/images/africa.gif Slide 8 - www.rim101.net/pictures/xrm0101b.jpg Slide 9 - http://www.princetonfamilycenter.org/images/cavemen.jpg Slide 10 - www.preceptaustin.org