1. Chemistry Alphabet Book Taylor Poteet 6 th Period

2. A is for Atom The atom was discovered by Henry Mosely in 1912. He determined that the number of protons told you what the element was and also was equal to the atomic number. An atom is a representative particle that cannot be broken down.

3. B is for Boyles Law Boyles Law is the relationship between volume and pressure. The two subjects are inversely related meaning as one increases, the other decreases and vice versa. The equation is P 1 V 1 =P 2 V 2.

4. C is for Covalent Bonds A covalent bond is 2 or more nonmetals put together to form a compound. Covalent bonds share electrons and are also called molecules. To find the shared electrons and lone pairs you use the NASL method.

5. D is for Dilution Dilution is a less concentrated solution. To dilute the stock solution you add solvent making the solution less concentrated. To calculate dilution, you use M 1 V 1 =M 2 V 2.

6. E is for Exothermic Reaction An exothermic reaction is a reaction that gives off heat. Heat is formed so the energy is on the product side of the reaction. Enthalpy (heat content of a system) decreases in an exothermic reaction.

7. F is for Fission Fission is where the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts. Nuclear fission releases very large amounts of energy. Nuclear fission was discovered by Otto Hahn in 1938.

8. G is for Gas A gas is a state of matter. It doesn’t have a fixed shape therefor it takes the shape of the container its in. Gases are the nonmetals on the periodic table which are located on the right side.

9. H is for Homogenous Mixture Homogeneous is Latin for "the same kind” so a homogenous mixture contains only one kind of compound or element. The mixture has a uniform composition so it is hard to tell that its more than one substance.

10. I is for Intensive An intensive property is a property that the mass doesn’t play a factor in. An example is the boiling point. The mass doesn’t effect the BP so it is an intensive property.

11. J is for Joule The joule is the basic unit for energy. The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius is a Joule. In the metric system it is equivalent to a calorie.

12. K is for Kinetic Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. One type of kinetic energy is thermal energy. Thermal energy is the energy a substance has related to its temperature.

13. L is for Lewis Dot Structure The Lewis Dot Structure is a representation of a molecule showing the valence electrons as dots. Gilbert Newton Lewis developed the Lewis Dot structure. He came up with it to have a way of explaining valence electrons to his students.

14. M is for Molarity Molarity is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. To calculate molarity, you divide moles by liters. Molarity is also called concentration and can be represented by “M”.

15. N is for Net Ionic Equation A net ionic equation is a chemical equation that shows only the elements that oxidize or reduce. First you write the chemical equation. Then you write the ionic equation with all the charges. Last, you remove all elements that kept their same charges.

16. O Is for Oxidation Oxidation is the loss of electrons during a reaction. The element or compound then becomes more positive. If you have an oxidation reaction occur, you must have a reduction reaction occur.

17. P is for Periodic Table The Periodic Table is an arrangement of the elements by increasing atomic number. Dmitri Mendeleev invented the Periodic Table. He arranged the elements by atomic mass rather than atomic number so we don’t use his exact invention today but he came up with the idea.

18. Q is for q=mc t We use the equation above to calculate the heat absorbed or released in a reaction. M is mass. C is specific heat and delta t is change in temperature.

19. R is for Reduction Redox is when electrons are transferred from one substance to another. Reduction is when the substance gains electrons making it more negative. If you have a reduction reaction, there also has to be oxidation.

20. S is for Stoichiometry Stoichiometry is used when you are given one value of a substance and you need to find another value. Most of the time you use the mole ratio and molar mass. An example of a stoichiometry question is: You have 67 grams of Cl 2, how many moles do you have?

21. T is for Tetrahedral A tetrahedral is a model of an atom with 4 bonds coming out of the nucleus. Each bond represents 2 electrons. Some examples of a tetrahedral is CH 4 and PO 4 3-.

22. U is for Ultraviolet Radiation UV radiation is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum. UV radiation has shorter wavelengths than microwaves but longer than gamma rays. It also has a high frequency.

23. V is for VSEPR VSEPR stands for Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion. It minimizes repulsion of shared and unshared pairs of electrons around central atom.

24. W is for Water Water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen. H 2 O can be a solid, liquid, or a gas. It is also the universal solvent.

25. X is for Xenon Xenon is a nonmetal in the noble gas group on the periodic table. Noble gases do not combine with any other element because it has a full shell of valence electrons. Xenon has an atomic mass of 131.29 and an atomic number that is 54.

26. Y is for Yield Yield is the arrow between reactants and products in a chemical equation. The reactants yield the products. The yield can also be double sided which means the chemical equation will work either way.

27. Z is for Zinc Zinc is an element on the Periodic Table. It is a transition metal. A transition metal is an element with varying valence electrons depending on their charge.