1. 1 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. Suggestion on How to Use Industry Trainers are encouraged to use this material in their sessions Download the presentation file Print the Notes pages and read them as you view the presentation in the “Slide Show” view. In this way you see the slides in large format and have animation (when available)

2. © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. Selective Coordination

3. 3 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 3 Summary of Requirements: Selective Coordination Key Selective Coordination requirements Art.100 Definition: Coordination (Selective) 517.30(F) Coordination for Healthcare 620.62 Elevator Circuits 645.27 Critical Operations Data Systems (New for 2014) 700.28 Emergency Systems 701.27 Legally Required Standby Systems 708.54 Critical Operations Power Systems (COPS)

4. 4 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 4 Without Selective Coordination Loads Unnecessarily Blacked Out Selective Coordination System Prospective Opens Not Affected Unnecessary Power Loss Fault OPENS NOT AFFECTED Fault With Selective Coordination No Unnecessary Load Blackouts

5. 5 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 5 With Selective Coordination No Unnecessary Load Blackouts OPENS NOT AFFECTED Fault Selective Coordination System To achieve selective coordination for electrical systems requires engineering analysis and proper overcurrent protective device selection  For most electrical systems, selective coordination is a desirable design consideration  For some electrical systems, selective coordination is mandatory (limited number of building types and then usually only a few circuits)

6. 6 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 6 Why? Increases system reliability to deliver power Focus on the load! Availability of power to vital loads as long as possible Life Safety Public safety and national security (COPS) Increases system reliability to power vital loads even during emergencies and disasters Facilitates restoration of power to affected loads OPENS NOT AFFECTED Fault Selective Coordination Requirements

7. 7 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 7 Code Panel Statements Provide the Reason Code Panel 13 Statement (700.27) Proposal 13-135 2008 NEC: “…Selective coordination increases the reliability of the emergency system” Code Panel 20 Statement (708.54) Comment 20-13 2008 NEC: “The overriding theme of Articles 585 (renumbered to 708) is to keep the power on for vital loads. Selective coordination is obviously essential for the continuity of service required in critical operations power systems. Selective coordination increases the reliability of the COPS system.”

8. 8 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 8 Selective Coordination Includes the Entire Circuit Path, Thru Both Sources 1.From a vital load to the alternate source, the OCPDs shall be selectively coordinated ATS Alternate Source NE Normal Source Panel

9. 9 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 9 Selective Coordination Includes the Entire Circuit Path, Thru Both Sources 1.From a vital load to the alternate source, the OCPDs shall be selectively coordinated 2.From a vital load to the normal source main, the emergency system OCPDs shall be selectively coordinated with all upstream devices ATS Alternate Source NE Normal Source Panel “Emergency system(s) overcurrent devices shall be selectively coordinated with all supply side overcurrent protective devices” This wording is inclusive of the normal source path OCPDs

10. 10 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. Definition of Selective Coordination-Article 100 10 Definition now clearly covers all available overcurrents and all times associated with those currents. It’s all or nothing. Can’t be selectively coordinated just for times greater than 0.1 or 0.01 seconds. “Coordination (Selective). Localization of an overcurrent condition to restrict outages to the circuit or equipment affected, accomplished by the choice selection and installation of overcurrent protective devices and their ratings or settings for the full range of available overcurrents, from overload to the maximum available fault current, and for the full range of overcurrent protective device opening times associated with those overcurrents.” Definition Change for 2014 NEC®: X

11. 11 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 11 Selective Coordination Requirements Article 620 Elevators 620.62 Selective Coordination Where more than one driving machine disconnecting means is supplied by a single feeder, the overcurrent devices in each disconnecting means shall be selectively coordinated with any other supply side overcurrent protective devices.

12. 12 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 12 NEC 620.62 Elevator Circuits (since 1993) Requires selective coordination on circuit paths when multiple elevators are on a feeder. Required to ensure safety of human life especially during emergency egress Purpose of this requirement? Maximize continuity of service Quicker restoration of power Selective Coordination Requirements

13. 13 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 13 M1 B2 E1E2 E3 Passenger Elevators Branch Disconnects / OCPDs Feeder Disconnects/ OCPDs Main Disconnect / Over Current Protective Device F4 B4 E4 Service Elevator Single Feed to Multiple Elevators F2 B1B3 NEC 620.62 Elevator Circuits Selective Coordination

14. 14 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 14 Selective Coordination (NEC) Article 700 Emergency Systems 700.28 Selective Coordination. Emergency system(s) overcurrent devices shall be selectively coordinated with all supply side overcurrent protective devices (Wording for 701.27 and 708.54 is similar except for the type system)

15. 15 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. Critical Operations Data Systems-645.27 15 New requirement for Critical Operations Data Systems will help ensure that entire critical computer systems do not crash due to a minor problem in one rack or server. “Selective Coordination. Critical Operations Data System(s) overcurrent devices shall be selectively coordinated with all supply side overcurrent protective devices.” A Critical Operations Data System is an information technology equipment system that requires continuous operation for reasons of public safety, emergency management, national security, or business continuity. New requirement in 2014 NEC

16. 16 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. Healthcare Selective Coordination 517.30(F) 16 This change clarifies that the healthcare requirement for coordination at 0.1 seconds and greater is different than the requirement for selective coordination in Sections 620.62, 700.28, 701.27, and 708.54. “(F) Selective Coordination. Overcurrent protective devices serving the essential electrical system shall be selectively coordinated for the period of time that a fault’s duration extends beyond 0.1 second. Informational Note: The terms “Coordination” and “Coordinated” as used in this section do not cover the full range of overcurrent conditions.” Healthcare inspectors should, at minimum, check to assure “coordination” to 0.1 seconds for the life safety branch of the essential electrical system. These same circuits in commercial buildings must be “selectively coordinated” for all possible overcurrents and opening times associated with those overcurrents. Modified requirement for 2014 NEC®:

17. 17 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 17 How to Achieve Selective Coordination

18. 18 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 18 Lack of Selective Coordination Many people mistakenly assume that a lower ampere rated circuit breaker will always open before a larger ampere rated circuit breaker Where the circuit breakers cross, they are typically not selectively coordinated. 0.01 0.1 30 200 800 30A X X 800A 200A

19. 19 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 19 How to Selectively Coordinate? How to Selectively Coordinate with Circuit Breakers? Do short-circuit current study and coordination study investigating various types and options of CBs for specific project Short-Circuit Current Study By Ace Engineering 800A 30A 200A Coordination Study & resolve any non-coordination issues 1. 2.

20. 20 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 20 Circuit Breaker Selective Coordination Alternatives Circuit Breaker Type MCCB ICCB LVPCB Circuit Breaker Options (next slides) 1. Instantaneous trip (IT) 2. Instantaneous trip, coordination tables 3. Fixed high magnetic IT 4. Short time delay (STD) w/ IT override (MCCB/ICCB) 5. Short time delay (STD) w/o IT override (LVPCB) Note: some options may require larger frame or different type CBs

21. 21 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 21 1. Circuit Breaker Instantaneous Trip Up to where the circuit breakers cross, it is interpreted to be coordinated. See 800A 200A 30A Up to 7600A Up to 1500A X X 7600A 30A 0. 01s 0. 1s 800A IT = 10X 200A IT = 10X

22. 22 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 22 Table illustrates the selection of molded case CBs to achieve selective coordination 2. CB Manufacturer’s Selective Coordination Table

23. 23 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 23 2. CB Manufacturer’s Selective Coordination Table 1500A Crossing Point Interpreting Curves Max. 2700A: CB Mfg. Coordination Testing CB Manufacturer’s Coordination Tables can help show coordination for higher fault current than simply plotting curves Example: 30A & 200A MCCBs 800A 30A 200A 0. 01s 0. 1s

24. 24 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 24 17X 20X Fixed High Magnetic Instantaneous Trip  Not adjustable IT  High IT setting  Introduced to help achieve selective coordination  First started seeing these for circuits supplying critical loads such as data centers and financial centers 3. Coordination Fixed High Magnetic CB

25. 25 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 25 3200A crossing point fixed high magnetic CB 3. Coordination Fixed High Magnetic CB The 200A CB is a fixed high magnetic instantaneous trip (IT) device. It will coordinate with the downstream 30A CB up to 3200A versus 1500A for a conventional 200A CB. 1500A crossing point standard adjustable IT CB 800A 30A 200A 0. 01s 0. 1s

26. 26 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 26  Insulated case CB with short-time delay (STD) and instantaneous override (protects CB)  Short-time delay improves coordination from 7,600A (slide 21) to 12,000A  Not Coordinated in short- circuit region above 12,000A due to instantaneous override 4. Coordination STD with IT Override 12,000A 0. 01s 0. 1s 200A800A

27. 27 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 27 5. Short-Time Delay (No Instantaneous Override) Selective coordination for all overcurrents up to the interrupting rating for each circuit breaker Plot curves to ensure there is no crossing of curves. Must have time settings with enough separation. 800A 30A 200A 0. 01s 0. 1s

28. 28 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 28 Lack of Selective Coordination Many people mistakenly assume that a lower ampere rated fuse will always open before a larger ampere rated fuse If fuse curves cross, larger upstream fuse and downstream fuse can both open for overcurrents on the loadside of 45A fuse (not selectively coordinated) 0.1s 100A 45A 0.01s D 45A 100A

29. 29 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 29 Selective Coordination with Fuses How to Selectively Coordinate with Fuses? Answer: Follow the Fuse Manufacturer’s Selectivity Ratio

30. 30 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 30 2005 SPD p.90 Fuse Time Current Curves  For operation of upstream fuse in less than 0.01 seconds (Isca greater than red arrow)  Use fuse manufacturer’s selectivity ratios 0.01 0.1

31. 31 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 31 Selective Coordination No plotting required! LOW-PEAK ® : LOW-PEAK ® 2:1 Line:Load Ratio Line Side Fuse Load Side Fuse

32. 32 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 32 Overloads or faults of any level up to 200,000A Low-Peak® KRP-C-800SP Low-Peak ® LPJ-400SP Low-Peak ® LPJ-100SP Loadside Fuse Lineside Fuse 400/100= 4:1 only 2:1 needed Selective Coordination achieved between these two fuses Fuse Selectivity Ratio Example 1 KRP-C_SPLPJ_SP KRP-C_SP2:1 LPJ_SP- 2:1

33. 33 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 33 Fuse Selectivity Ratio Example 1 Overloads or faults of any level up to 200,000A Low-Peak® KRP-C-800SP Low-Peak LPJ-400SP Low-Peak LPJ-100SP KRP-C_SPLPJ_SP KRP-C_SP2:1 LPJ_SP-2:1 Loadside Fuse Lineside Fuse KRP-C_SPLPJ_SP KRP-C_SP2:1 LPJ_SP-2:1 400/100= 4:1 only 2:1 needed Selective Coordination achieved between these two fuses 800/400 = 2:1 only 2:1 needed Selective Coordination achieved Circuit Path Selectively Coordinated

34. 34 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 34 What about branch circuit lighting panel applications? Fuse Selectivity Ratio Example 2 Low-Peak KRP-C-800SP Low-Peak LPJ-200SP Low-Peak CUBEFuse TCF20RN Branch circuits: CCPB disconnect with CUBEFuse

35. 35 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 35 200/20= 10:1 only 2:1 needed Selective Coordination achieved Loadside Fuse Lineside Fuse KRP-C_SPLPJ_SPTCF20RN KRP-C_SP2:1 LPJ_SP-2:1 Fuse Selectivity Ratio Example 2 Overloads or faults of any level up to 200,000A Low-Peak KRP-C-800SP Low-Peak LPJ-200SP Low-Peak CUBEFuse TCF20RN

36. 36 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 36 200/20= 10:1 only 2:1 needed Selective Coordination achieved 800/200 = 4:1 only 2:1 needed Selective Coordination achieved Fuse Selectivity Ratio Example 2 Overloads or faults of any level up to 200,000A Circuit path selectively coordinated Loadside Fuse Lineside Fuse KRP-C_SPLPJ_SPTCF20RN KRP-C_SP2:1 LPJ_SP-2:1 Low-Peak KRP-C-800SP Low-Peak LPJ-200SP Low-Peak CUBEFuse TCF20RN

37. 37 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. Selective Coordination – CB to Fuse

38. 38 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. NEW Selective Coordination Tool Selective Coordination Designer v1.0 100% selective coordination plus 0.1, and 0.01 second coordination Configurable up to 6 device levels Identifies assembly options Suggests optimal solution Eliminates extensive researching and multiple trial and error iterations Available at eaton.com/bussmannseries Click on “Resources” Click on “Education” Click on “Solution Center Library” Click on “Selective Coordination” Click on “Online Selective Coordination Designer v1.0 tool”

39. 39 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 39 Selective Coordination Fuses & CBs Summary It is possible to meet the selective coordination requirements with fuse systems, circuit breaker systems, or combination CB/fuse systems For fuse systems, comply with the fuse manufacturer’s selectivity ratios For circuit breaker systems, comply with the circuit breaker manufacturer’s selectivity tables (and review selective coordination study). For systems utilizing both fuses and circuit breakers, comply with the manufacturer’s selectivity tables.

40. © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. Enforcement

41. 41 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. Selective Coordination-Enforcement 41 Requirements added to clarify who can design the selectively coordinated system. This will make it easier for AHJs to enforce selective coordination. “Selective Coordination shall be selected by a licensed professional engineer or other qualified persons engaged primarily in the design, installation, or maintenance of electrical systems. The selection shall be documented and made available to those authorized to design, install, inspect, maintain, and operate the system.” New for elevators (620.62), emergency (700.28), legally required standby (701.27), and critical operations power systems (708.54) New requirements for 2014 NEC®:

42. 42 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 42 Plan Review and Inspection  Designer provides documentation verifying selective coordination  Site inspection verifies correct devices to achieve selective coordination are installed per plans Selective Coordination Ensuring Compliance

43. 43 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 43 Additional Selective Coordination Information Aids in understanding and how to SPD Electrical Protection Handbook (37 pages on selective coordination) Go to eaton.com/bussmannseries Click on “Resources” Click on “Library” Click on “Selecting Protective Devices Handbook” Choose between clicking on “Access interactive online version” and “Download PDF” Other information such as articles by industry experts and more

44. 44 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 44 IAEI Article IAEI Article “Selective coordination restricts outages to the circuit or equipment affected, ensuring reliability of electrical power” By Mark Hilbert Former Chief Electrical Inspector for the State of New Hampshire Bureau of Electrical Safety and Licensing Go to eaton.com/bussmannseries Type “Hilbert” into the Google search engine

45. 45 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 45 NEC Digest (NFPA Publication) NEC Digest article “Keep the Power On For Vital Loads” By Evangelos Stoyas P.E., recently retired Chief of the Power Reliability Enhancement Program in the Special Missions Office at Fort Belvoir, Virginia. He was a member of CMP-20, which developed the new Article 708 Critical Operations Power Systems Go to eaton.com/bussmannseries Type “Stoyas” into the Google search engine.

46. 46 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.. 46 Selective Coordination Check List AHJ checklist available at eaton.com/bussmannseries Click on “Resources” Click on “Education” Click on “Solution Center” Click on “Electrical Inspector Tools” Click on “Selective Coordination Requirements Checklist” Choose either “PDF” or Word doc”

47. 47 © 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..