1. Chemical hazard What is a Chemical Hazard?
Any chemical that can cause illness, injury, or an emergency.

2. Chemical Hazards
Physical
Health

3. Chemical health hazard
Irritants
Corrosives
Sensitizer
Target-Organ Chemicals
Nephrotoxins
Hepatotoxins
Neurotoxins
Agents which act on the blood
Agents which damage the lungs
Eye hazards
Reproductive
Carcinogens

4. Physical hazard Fire hazard oxidizers flammable Reactive chemicals
pyrophorics
oxidizers
flammable
Combustibles
Explosive
Reactive chemicals
Water reactive
Unstable

5. Chemical Health Effects
Irritants: Inflame skin or eye tissues on contact.
Corrosives: Destroy skin tissue at point of contact.
Sensitizers: Cause allergic reactions in normal tissue after exposure.
Target-Organ Chemicals: Damage specific body organs and systems.
Reproductive Hazards: Change genetic information in egg or sperm cells and/or damage fetus after conception.
Carcinogens: Cause cancer.

6. Irritants . 
Is the inflammation results from concentrations low concentration (far below those needed to cause corrosion). 
Common irritants include substances such as: 
ammonia
alkaline dusts and mists
epoxy resins
ozone
nitrogen dioxide
phosphorus chloride

7. 2- Corrosive
Visible damage, or irreversible damage to body tissue Acids
Caustics (or bases)
Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid
Caustics
(or bases)
pH Scale
Acids 1 7 14

8. Agents which act on the blood Agents which damage the lungs
3-Target organ effect 1
Hepatotoxins 2
Nephrotoxins 3
Neurotoxins 4
Agents which act on the blood 5
Agents which damage the lungs 6
Eye hazards

9. 1- Hepatotoxins
Chemicals which produce liver damage
Example : Carbon Tetrachloride, nitrosamines

10. 2-Nephrotoxins Chemicals which produce kidney damage
Examples: Halogenated Hydrocarbons, uranium

11. Examples: Mercury, carbon disulfide, lead
3- Neurotoxins
Chemicals which produce their primary toxic effects on the nervous system
Examples: Mercury, carbon disulfide, lead

12. 5- Agents which act on the blood
Decrease hemoglobin function, deprive the body tissues of oxygen
Examples : Carbon monoxide, cyanides

13. 6- Agents which damage the lungs
Chemicals which damage pulmonary tissue Signs and Symptoms: Cough, tightness in the chest, loss of breath
Chemicals: Asbestos (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4), silica

14. Reproductive Hazards Chemicals which damage reproductive capabilities
Includes chromosomal damage (mutations) and damage to fetuses (teratogenesis)
Signs and Symptoms: Birth defects, sterility
Chemicals examples: Lead

15. Carcinogens
A “carcinogen” commonly refers to any agent that can initiate or speed the development of malignant tumors
Carcinogens commonly used in significant quantities include formaldehyde (Formalin solutions), benzene, ethylene oxide, and chloroform.

16. physical health hazard
Reactive chemicals
Fire hazard
Explosive

17. Flammable hazarded material
What are flammable and combustible liquids?
Flammable and combustible liquids are present in almost every workplace. Fuels and many common products like solvents, thinners, cleaners, adhesives, paints, waxes and polishes may be flammable or combustible liquids
What is a flashpoint?
The flashpoint of a liquid is the lowest temperature at which the liquid gives off enough vapors to be ignited (start burning)

18. Flammable Chemicals
Examples: diethyl ether, acetone, hexanes, ethanol, methanol
flammability rating is given by a number 4-0 in
flammability rating of diethyl ether is "4"
while acetone, methanol, ethanol, and hexanes are "3".
Ether is extremely flammable and any spark or simply heat can ignite it.
flammable liquid have Flashing point <22.8 0C
Combustibles liquid have Flashing point > C

19. flammable material Protection
Never use ether in a lab that has an open flame anywhere in the room.
Be careful not to spill any flammable solvent (especially ether) on a heating mantle or hot plate.
Keep them away from electrical outlets.

20. A pyrophoric
A pyrophoric substance ignites spontaneously in air at or below 55°C (130°F).Examples are iron sulfide and White phosphorus
They can be handled safely in atmospheres of nitrogen.
Most pyrophoric fires should be extinguished with a Class D fire extinguisher for burning metals.

21. Explosives
is a reactive substance that contains a great amount of potential energy that can produce an explosion if released suddenly,
Nitroglycerin: A highly unstable and sensitive liquid.
Acetone peroxide: A very unstable white organic peroxide.
TNT: Yellow insensitive crystals that can be melted and cast without detonation.
Nitrocellulose: A nitrated polymer which can be a high or low explosive depending on nitration level and conditions

22. Reactive chemicals
A water-reactive substance is one that spontaneously undergoes a chemical reaction with water. Notable examples include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and caesium Unstable hazard : Radioactive material

23. oxidizing agent hazard
An oxidizing agent (also oxidant, oxidizer or oxidizer) is the element or compound gaining electrons (and is thus often called an electron acceptor),
Examples
Oxygen (O2)
Ozone (O3)
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and other inorganic peroxides
Fluorine (F2), chlorine (Cl2), and other halogens

24. What Should the Ideal Laboratory Look Like?
Equipment & Ventilation
Safety Showers and Eyewashes
Chemical Storage
Match the Extinguisher to the Risk!
Means of Egress/Exit
Material Safety Data Sheets(MSDS)

25. 1- Ventilation Local Ventilation General Ventilation
Supply Air Diffusers & Room Air Exhausts Should be
Located So As to Avoid Intake of Contaminated Air
Windows Should be Operable
Local Ventilation
Fume Hoods Used For Operations that Give Off:
Noxious Odors
Flammable or Poisonous Vapors

26. 2- Safety Showers and Eyewashes
Must Be Available in All Lab Areas That Use or Store Chemicals Which Are Corrosive or an Irritant to the Eyes or Skin
Combination Eye Wash & Drench Hose Units at the Sink are Now Available

27. Safe Storage of Chemicals is a Necessity in Every hospitals!
3- Chemical Storage
Safe Storage of Chemicals is a Necessity in Every hospitals!
Minimizes Exposure to Staff to Corrosive and Toxic Chemicals
Lessens the Risk of Fire
Prevents the Mixing of Incompatibles & the Creation of an Emergency Situation

28. The “Don’ts” of Chemical Storage!
Avoid storing any chemical above eye level
Don’t store incompatible chemicals together
Don’t store chemicals near sources of heat or sunlight
Don’t store chemicals in the hoods or acids on metal shelves
Avoid storing anything on the floor, especially glass bottles

29. Ideal Storage Area Set-Up
Acids
Na, Li
bases
Room Should Have:
Eye Wash
Safety Shower
Emergency Phone
Fire Extinguisher
Oxidizers
Dry Chemicals
Flammables
Cabinet
Metal Salts
Nitrates
Spill Materials

30. 4- Match the Extinguisher to the Risk
A for "Ash"
Class A fires involve organic solids such as paper and wood.
B for "Barrel"
Class B fires involve flammable or combustible liquids, including petrol, grease, and oil
C for "Current"
Class C fires involve electric current
D for "Dynamite"
Class D fires involve combustible metals.
K for "Kitchen
Oils and fats

31. 5- Means of Egress/ Exit
Two or more well- marked & unobstructed evacuation exits are recommended in a lab.

32. 6-Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
(MSDS) are one of the most important tools
available to employers
for providing information, and protection
to workers from hazardous chemicals
which are used in the workplace.

33. Material Safety Data Sheets required information
Identity of the chemical
Physical and chemical characteristics
Physical hazards
Chemical hazards
Primary routes of entry
exposure limits
Control measures
Emergency procedures
thechemical hazardous
Date of preparation
Name, address and telephone of the manufacturer

34. 1- organic solvent 2- acids 3- bases 4- mercury
Be Prepared for Small Incidental Spills
Spills Chemical Categories
1- organic solvent
2- acids
3- bases
4- mercury

35. Proper Incidental Spill Control Equipment Includes:
Spill Control Materials Such As Spill Control Pillows, Pads, Booms, etc
Scoops, Brooms, Pails & Bags
Absorbent – such as Diatomaceous Earth
Neutralizers – for Acids & Alkalis
Mercury Spill Control Kit

36. Examples of spill cleanup materials include:
trisodium phosphate
sand
sodium bicarbonate for acids
powdered citric acid for bases
"Oil-Dri," "Zorb-All," "Speedi-Dri"
paper towels

37. Waste Chemical Disposal
Requires:
Proper storage– same rules apply – make sure waste chemicals are compatible
Proper labeling – Containers containing hazardous waste must be labeled with the words HAZARDOUS WASTE
Pre-planning – know what waste you’re creating prior to carrying out experiments
Record-keeping – of all waste chemicals on hand and those already picked up for disposal

38. 1- Give the names of the two chemical hazards.
2. What name is given to a chemical which will burst into flame when contacted by air?
3. What is a health hazard?
4. Which kind of health hazard destroys skin on contact?
5. Chemicals that cause sterility, fetal death, and birth defects are called ____________.
6. What is a carcinogen?
7. Give the three states in which a chemical can exist.
8.What is an MSDS?
9.What kind of information is found on the MSDS?