1. Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Rise and Spread of Islam 6

2. Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Qur'anQur'an hadithshadiths 6

3. Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert 6 Ka’aba Ka’aba Mecca Mecca

4. Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert 6 Medina Medina hijrah hijrah

5. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Desert and Town: The Pre- Islamic Arabian World Background –Bedouins –Camel herding Clan Identity, Rivalries, and Vengeance –Clans  Grouped into tribes –Shayks –Free warriors

6. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Desert and Town: The Pre- Islamic Arabian World Towns and Long-Distance Trade –Entrepots –Mecca  Umayyad clan  Quraysh tribe  Ka’ba –Medina

7. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Arabia and Surrounding Area Before and During the Time of Muhammad

8. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Pre-Islamic Arabia Social structure: women have important roles –Polygyny, polyandry Religion: animism, polytheism –Including Allah

9. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Life of Muhammad Background –Banu Hasim clan –Orphaned –Mecca –Khadijah  Revelations, 610  via Gabriel

10. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Life of Muhammad Persecution, Flight, and Victory –Ka’ba gods threatened –Invited to Medina, 622  Hijra –Return to Mecca, 629 –Arabs and Islam  Umma

11. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Genesis of Islam Universal Elements in Islam –5 Pillars  Acceptance of Islam  Prayer  Fasting during Ramadan  Payment of zakat  Hajj

12. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Expansion of the Islamic Empire During the 7th and 8th Centuries

13. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Arab Empire of the Umayyads Death, 632 –Succession struggle –Consolidation and Division  Abu Bakr –Ridda Wars

14. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Umayyads Conquest –Motives  Conversions  Trade & looting –Weakness of neighbors  Sassanian Empire Persia Dynasty ended, 651  Byzantium weakened

15. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Problem of Succession: the Sunni-Shi’a Split Uthman –3rd caliph  Murdered  Ali proclaimed caliph

16. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Problem of Succession: the Sunni-Shi’a Split Ali –Rejected by Umayyads –Siffin, 657  lost support  assassinated, 661 –Son, Hasan  renounced caliphate  supported son, Husayn –Killed, Karbala, 680

17. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Problem of Succession: the Sunni-Shi’a Split Division –Sunni – Umayyads  Mu’awiya first caliph, 660 –Shi’a – Ali’s descendants

18. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Umayyad Imperium Push west –Stopped at Poitiers, 732 –Retain Iberia –Converts and “People of the Book”  Malawi, converts –Dhimmi, people of the book  Jews, Christians –Later, Zoroastrians and Hindus

19. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Umayyad Imperium Family and Gender –Islamic ideas prevail at first –Multiple marriage acceptable in certain cases –Equality of men and women in worship –Many hadiths recorded by women

20. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Umayyad Imperium Umayyad Decline and Fall –Revolts  Merv Abbasid revolt –Umayyads defeated  750, by Abbasids

21. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Islamic Empire: The Early Abbasid Era Sunni rule –repress Shi’a –Baghdad  New capital

22. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Emergence of the Abbasid Dynasty

23. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Islamic Empire: The Early Abbasid Era Islamic Conversion & Malawi Acceptance –Town & Country:  Commercial Boom  Agrarian Expansion –Urban expansion  Ayan

24. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Islamic Empire: The Early Abbasid Era Islamic Learning –Building  Mosques, palaces –Preservation of Greek thought –Indian number system passed on

25. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Global Connections: Early Islam and the World Spread of Islam –Unprecedented in scale, scope  local customs absorbed  diverse linguistically, ethnically  culturally tolerant –Special place of commerce influential –Preservation and expansion of knowledge