1. The Influence of Stress Chapter 12

2. Stress Response Stress response is initiated as a systemic, generalized response to any change –Altered food intake –Changes in environment –Change in activities Body’s goal is to maintain homeostasis

3. Minor fluctuations in body functions are normal –Fluid balance –Blood pressure

4. Stressor = anything capable of causing stress; can be short term or long term –Physical Pain, temperature changes –Psychological Anxiety, fear, happiness –Whether good or bad all stressors cause the same physiologic effects in the body

5. Most of the time, your body is able to cope with the stressor and return to normal –If not, “distress” occurs.

6. General Adaptation Syndrome Derived by Hans Selye in 1946. –Commonly called “fight or flight” response –Stage 1: Alarm- hypothalamus, sympathetic nervous system, and adrenal glands are activated –Stage 2: Resistance- hormone levels increase and body performs at its peak performance –Stage 3: Exhaustion- unable to respond further, damage may occur

8. Effects of Stress Elevated blood pressure and heart rate Bronchodilation Elevated glucose levels Stimulation of the CNS Decreased inflammatory and immune responses –Epi-pens used to treat several allergic reactions Increased release of endorphins to block pain

9. Prolonged Stress= BADDD Prolonged vasoconstriction leads to inflammation and necrosis –Ulcers, nausea –Sometimes necrosis occurs in GI tract, kidneys, causing severe problems Stress is often a precipitating factor to many common disorders –Asthma, seizures

10. Stress can be an etiologic factor as well –Hypertension, diabetes

11. Complications from stress 5 minutes to take notes on “Potential Effects of Prolonged or Severe Stress” on pages 221-222

12. Stress Charades